Human CLOCK (KAT13D) knockout HeLa cell lysate

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

KAT13D also known as CLOCK is a gene coding for a protein weighing approximately 97 kDa. The CLOCK protein mainly functions as a transcription factor with histone acetyltransferase activity hence its involvement in chromatin remodeling. This protein is highly expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain pancreas and heart. It regulates expression of genes through folding DNA and influencing transcriptional activity playing a significant role in maintaining circadian rhythms. Scientists often use phrases such as 'anti-CLOCK' 'anticlock' or 'anti-clock' when studying its mechanisms as these highlight the protein's regulatory role.

Biological function summary

The CLOCK protein acts as an important component of the circadian rhythm machinery. It forms a heterodimer complex with BMAL1 which activates transcription of other core clock genes. This process drives the rhythmic expression of various genes essential for physiological and behavioral rhythms. Through this function CLOCK influences the timing of many body systems such as sleep-wake cycles feeding and metabolism. By doing so it sets a steady rhythm to coordinate bodily processes with environmental light-dark cycles ensuring optimal biological activity during appropriate times of the day.

Pathways

The CLOCK protein plays an important role in the circadian signaling pathway where its function involves intricate feedback loops. It controls the oscillation of gene expression alongside other clock proteins like PER and CRY. This feedback mechanism is part of the circadian rhythm regulation pathway which directly influences processes such as hormone regulation and cell cycle progression. CLOCK’s relationship with BMAL1 PER and CRY in these pathways highlights its indispensable role in maintaining the synchronization of endogenous biological rhythms with external time cues.

Associated diseases and disorders

Disruption of the CLOCK gene is associated with diseases such as sleep disorders and mood disorders. Alterations in CLOCK function can lead to irregular sleep patterns such as in the case of delayed sleep phase disorder owing to its role in the circadian timing system. Moreover irregular rhythms in CLOCK expression have been linked to mood disorders like bipolar disorder. The association between CLOCK dysfunction and these disorders highlights its importance alongside its interaction with proteins like CRY and PER in maintaining mental health stability.