ID2 overexpression 293T lysate (whole cell)

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

ID2 also known as inhibitor of DNA binding 2 is a nuclear protein with a molecular weight approximately 15 kDa. It functions as a dominant negative regulator and lacks a DNA-binding domain but it forms heterodimers with basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. This interaction with bHLH proteins inhibits their ability to bind DNA and initiate transcription. ID2 expresses in various tissues particularly in places with high cellular proliferation such as the nervous system and developing tissues.

Biological function summary

ID2 plays a role in cellular proliferation differentiation and development by modulating the activity of other transcription factors. It acts as part of a regulatory complex that blocks differentiation pathways allowing cells to maintain a proliferative and less differentiated state. ID2 often interacts with proteins like E2A and MyoD which are important for muscle cell differentiation. By regulating these factors ID2 influences the balance between cell growth and terminal differentiation.

Pathways

ID2 integrates into key signaling pathways particularly the TGF-beta and BMP signaling pathways. Through its interaction with the aforementioned bHLH transcription factors ID2 indirectly influences processes governed by these pathways. TGF-beta pathway for instance regulates cell growth and differentiation in a context-dependent manner incorporating ID2's regulatory effect on differentiation-suppressing transcription factors.

ID2 has implications in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Dysregulation of ID2 expression or function can contribute to tumorigenesis as it affects cell cycle progression and prevents differentiation both important in cancer development. Additionally ID2 has connections to proteins like pRb in retinoblastoma where it influences the pathway that leads to uncontrolled cellular proliferation. In the context of neurodegenerative disorders altered ID2 activity might impact neuronal differentiation providing links to cognitive deficits.