Cat IgM ELISA Kit

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

IgM also known as immunoglobulin M is a type of antibody with a molecular mass of approximately 970 kDa. It is the largest antibody present in the human circulatory system mostly found in plasma and lymphatic tissue. IgM is secreted primarily by B cells as a pentamer with a J chain providing a high avidity for antigens. When bound to an antigen IgM can activate the complement system a part of the immune system that helps clear pathogens from an organism.

Biological function summary

IgM acts as the first line of defense during the initial stages of an immune response. It plays an important part in agglutination and neutralization of pathogens forming a complex that alerts other components of the immune system to take action. IgM exists before class-switching to IgG providing immediate protection. It also plays a role in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Although not typically a long-term solution its presence is critical for providing initial protection until more specific antibodies like IgG and IgA are produced.

Pathways

The immune response that involves IgM begins with the activation of the classical complement pathway. This pathway bridges the innate and adaptive immunity ensuring the communication and coordination of immune responses. The pathway involves C1q protein binding to IgM-antigen complexes. IgM also interacts with antigen-presenting cells facilitating the processing of antigens and interaction with T cells. These interactions connect IgM with other proteins like IgG and IgA influencing various immune response pathways.

Associated diseases and disorders

IgM is associated with conditions such as Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and rheumatoid arthritis. Waldenström's macroglobulinemia involves the overproduction of IgM by clonal B cells leading to symptoms like anemia bleeding and neuropathy. Rheumatoid arthritis shows increased IgM levels as part of the autoimmune response affecting joints. In these diseases the IgM antibody interacts with rheumatoid factor and other immune proteins involved in inflammation demonstrating its significant role in autoimmunity and abnormal immune responses.