Human Cytochrome C ELISA Kit is a single-wash 90-min Simplestep used to quantify Human Cytochrome C with a sensitivity of 1100 pg/ml. The assay uses a simple mix-wash-read protocol with just one incubation and one wash step.
- Colorimetric Sandwich ELISA - 450 nm readout : works on any standard plate reader
- Design your own immunoassay: we also offer the conjugation-ready antibody pair
- Cited in over 5 citations
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- International journal of oncology 62:2023α‑hederin overcomes hypoxia‑mediated drug resistance in colorectal cancer by inhibiting the AKT/Bcl2 pathway.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesJinbao Chen,Jian Xu,Jiahua Yang,Yueping Zhan,Sen Li,Linlin Jia,Wentao Wu,Xianke Si,Die Zhang,Kun Yu,Peihao Yin,Yijun Cao,Wanli Deng,Ke Xu,Wei LiPubMed 36704835
- Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology 9:6733272021Amorphous Selenium Nanoparticles Improve Vascular Function in Rats With Chronic Isocarbophos Poisoning via Inhibiting the Apoptosis of Vascular Endothelial Cells.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesMoli Zhu,Zhitao Gao,Yutian Fu,Yue Qiu,Keke Huang,Chaonan Zhu,Yinan Wu,Tiantian Zhu,Qianqian Wang,Lin Yang,Yaling Yin,Peng LiPubMed 34249881
- Neuroimmunomodulation 28:266-2752021Activation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-2 Ameliorates Retinal Cell Damage and Exerts Protection in in vitro Model of Diabetic Retinopathy.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesYantao Zhao,Zhaohui Xiong,Yuping Chen,Guoqiang Wang,Yan ZhaoPubMed 33951651
- Medicine 99:e209222020Apoptosis in cerebrospinal fluid as outcome predictors in severe traumatic brain injury: An observational study.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesWenqing Jiang,Peng Jin,Wenfeng Wei,Wei JiangPubMed 32590803
- Oncoimmunology 7:e14310862018TFAM is a novel mediator of immunogenic cancer cell death.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesMinghua Yang et. al.PubMed 29872558
Key facts
- Detection method
- Colorimetric
- Sample types
- Cell culture extracts, Tissue Extracts
- Assay type
- Sandwich (quantitative)
- Reactive species
- Human
- Range
- 1170 - 75000 pg/mL
- Assay time
- 1h 30m
- Sensitivity
- = 1100 pg/mL
Reactivity data
| Application | Reactivity | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
Application sELISA | Reactivity Reacts | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Target data
Function
Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases.
Alternative names
CYC, CYCS, Cytochrome c
What's included?
Recommended products
Human Cytochrome C ELISA Kit is a single-wash 90-min Simplestep used to quantify Human Cytochrome C with a sensitivity of 1100 pg/ml. The assay uses a simple mix-wash-read protocol with just one incubation and one wash step.
- Colorimetric Sandwich ELISA - 450 nm readout : works on any standard plate reader
- Design your own immunoassay: we also offer the conjugation-ready antibody pair
- Cited in over 5 citations
Key facts
- Detection method
- Colorimetric
- Sample types
- Cell culture extracts, Tissue Extracts
- Assay type
- Sandwich (quantitative)
- Reactive species
- Human
- Range
- 1170 - 75000 pg/mL
- Assay time
- 1h 30m
- Assay Platform
- Microplate (12 x 8 well strips)
- Sensitivity
- = 1100 pg/mL
Precision
Intra assay
| Sample | n | C.V. |
|---|---|---|
Sample Extract | n 8 | C.V. 3.4 |
Inter assay
| Sample | n | C.V. |
|---|---|---|
Sample Extract | n 3 | C.V. 3.8 |
Recovery
Sample specific recovery
| Sample type | Average % | Range |
|---|---|---|
Sample type Cell culture extracts | Average % = 107 | Range 105 - 110 % |
Sample type Tissue Extracts | Average % = 104 | Range 101 - 106 % |
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
- Blue Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
- +4°C
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
- +4°C
- Storage information
- +4°C
Notes
Human Cytochrome C ELISA Kit (ab221832) is a single-wash 90 min sandwich ELISA designed for the quantitative measurement of Cytochrome C protein in cell culture extracts and tissue extracts. It uses our proprietary SimpleStep ELISA® technology. Quantitate Human Cytochrome C with 1100 pg/ml sensitivity.
SimpleStep ELISA® technology employs capture antibodies conjugated to an affinity tag that is recognized by the monoclonal antibody used to coat our SimpleStep ELISA® plates. This approach to sandwich ELISA allows the formation of the antibody-analyte sandwich complex in a single step, significantly reducing assay time. See the SimpleStep ELISA® protocol summary in the image section for further details. Our SimpleStep ELISA® technology provides several benefits:
- Single-wash protocol reduces assay time to 90 minutes or less
- High sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility from superior antibodies
- Fully validated in biological samples
- 96-wells plate breakable into 12 x 8 wells strips
A 384-well SimpleStep ELISA® microplate (Pre-coated 384 well Microplate SimpleStep ELISA® ab203359) is available to use as an alternative to the 96-well microplate provided with SimpleStep ELISA® kits.
Cytochrome C is 11 kDa mitochondrial intermembrane space electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome C heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome C then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. Cytochrome C also plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial outer membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome C into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome C to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases.
Abcam has not and does not intend to apply for the REACH Authorisation of customers' uses of products that contain European Authorisation list (Annex XIV) substances.
It is the responsibility of our customers to check the necessity of application of REACH Authorisation, and any other relevant authorisations, for their intended uses.
Supplementary info
- This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
Cytochrome C also referred to as "cytochrome c" or "Cyt C" is a small protein with a molecular weight of approximately 12 kDa. It is a component of the electron transport chain playing an essential mechanical role in cellular respiration. Cytochrome C is expressed in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells where it functions as a heme protein. The mass of this protein allows efficient electron transfer between Complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex) and Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) contributing to ATP synthesis.
- Biological function summary
Cytochrome c contributes to the process of oxidative phosphorylation within mitochondria. It is not only an important electron carrier but it also plays a significant role in apoptosis. In the event of cellular stress cytochrome c releases into the cytosol and forms part of the apoptosome complex. This apoptosome activation leads to the caspase cascade driving programmed cell death. Therefore cytochrome C serves as both a mediator of energy production and a regulator of apoptosis.
- Pathways
Cytochrome c is integral to the mitochondrial electron transport chain and apoptotic pathways. It interacts with proteins in these pathways such as cytochrome c oxidase in oxidative phosphorylation and Apaf-1 during apoptosis. The electron transport chain's function is dependent on the efficient transfer of electrons facilitated by cytochrome c ensuring ATP production in cellular respiration.
- Associated diseases and disorders
Cytochrome c links to conditions like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In cancer its role in the apoptotic pathway often emerges as cancer cells can develop mechanisms to evade apoptosis impacting cytochrome c release. For neurodegenerative diseases disruptions in mitochondrial function and cytochrome c's release can facilitate cell death implicating its role in conditions like Parkinson's disease. The interaction of cytochrome c with proteins such as p53 in response to cellular stress further highlights its involvement in disease pathogenesis.
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6 product images
ELISA - Human Cytochrome C ELISA Kit (ab221832)
Example of human Cytochrome C standard curve in 1X Cell Extraction Buffer PTR + Enhancer.
ELISA - Human Cytochrome C ELISA Kit (ab221832)
Interpolated concentrations of native Cytochrome C in human heart tissue extract based on a 20 μg/mL extract load, colon tissue extract based on a 50 μg/mL extract load, and skeletal muscle tissue extract based on a 25 μg/mL extract load. The concentrations of Cytochrome C were measured in duplicate and interpolated from the Cytochrome C standard curve and corrected for sample dilution. The interpolated dilution factor corrected values are plotted (mean +/- SD, n=2). The mean Cytochrome C concentration was determined to be 35.41 ng/mL in heart tissue extract, 32.74 ng/mL in colon tissue extract, and 43.12 ng/mL in skeletal muscle tissue extract.
ELISA - Human Cytochrome C ELISA Kit (ab221832)
Reactivity in human and rat heart tissue extracts.
Other species reactivity was determined by measuring a 20 g/mL extract load of human and rat heart tissue extract samples, interpolating the protein concentrations from the human standard curve, and expressing the interpolated concentrations as a percentage of the protein concentration in the human heart tissue extract. Cross-reactivity was determined to be 100% in rat heart extract. Due to 100% amino acids sequence identity of rat and mouse Cytochrome C, the same cross-reactivity can be assumed for mouse Cytochrome C.
ELISA - Human Cytochrome C ELISA Kit (ab221832)
Comparison Cytochrome C distribution in subcellular fractions derived from 3.7x103 HeLa cells and whole cells cultured in the presence (treated) or absence (untreated) of 1 μM staurosporine for 4 hours. Cells were collected directly after treatment and subcellular fractions were prepared using a cell fractionation kit (Cell Fractionation Kit - Standard ab109719). Fractions were processed as described in section 11.10. and assayed. The concentrations of Cytochrome C were measured in three different dilutions of the fraction samples in duplicates and interpolated from the Cytochrome C standard curve. The interpolated values are plotted (mean +/- SD, n=3). The mean Cytochrome C concentration was determined be 171.4 ng/mL in the treated cytosol fraction, 242.8 in the treated mitochondrial fraction, 562.0 in the treated whole cell sample, 407.2 ng/mL in the untreated mitochondrial fraction, and 558.9 ng/mL in the untreated whole cell sample. Cytochrome C was not detectable in the untreated cytosol fraction and in both nuclear fractions.
ELISA - Human Cytochrome C ELISA Kit (ab221832)
Interpolated concentrations of native Cytochrome C in human extract samples. The concentrations of Cytochrome C were measured in three different dilutions in duplicate and interpolated from the Cytochrome C standard curve and corrected for sample dilution. The interpolated dilution factor corrected values are plotted in ng of Cytochrome C per mg of extract (mean +/- SD, n=3). Cytochrome C concentration was determined to be 1716 ng/mg heart tissue extract, 670.1 ng/mg in colon tissue extract, 1689 ng/mg in skeletal muscle tissue extract, 924.2 ng/mg in HepG2 cell extract, 1658 ng/mg in PC-3 cell extract, and 386.2 ng/mg in THP-1 cell extract samples.
ELISA - Human Cytochrome C ELISA Kit (ab221832)
Interpolated concentrations of native Cytochrome C in HepG2 cell extract, PC-3 cell extract, and THP-1 cell extract samples based on a 50 μg/mL extract load. The concentrations of Cytochrome C were measured in duplicate and interpolated from the Cytochrome C standard curve and corrected for sample dilution. The interpolated dilution factor corrected values are plotted (mean +/- SD, n=2). The mean Cytochrome C concentration was determined to be 45.64 ng/mL in HepG2 cell extract, 81.23 ng/mL in PC-3 cell extract, and 19.01 ng/mL in THP-1 cell extract.
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