Human MD2 ELISA Kit is a Sandwich (quantitative) ELISA kit for the measurement of Human MD2 in Human in Plasma, Cell culture supernatant, Serum samples.
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Key facts
- Detection method
- Colorimetric
- Sample types
- Plasma, Cell culture supernatant, Serum
- Assay type
- Sandwich (quantitative)
- Reactive species
- Human
- Range
- 1.638 - 400 ng/mL
- Sensitivity
- = 1.6 ng/mL
Reactivity data
| Application | Reactivity | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
Application sELISA | Reactivity Reacts | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Target data
Function
Binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed:17569869, PubMed:17803912). Cooperates with TLR4 in the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and with TLR2 in the response to cell wall components from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (PubMed:11160242, PubMed:11593030). Enhances TLR4-dependent activation of NF-kappa-B (PubMed:10359581). Cells expressing both LY96 and TLR4, but not TLR4 alone, respond to LPS (PubMed:10359581).
Alternative names
ESOP1, MD2, LY96, Lymphocyte antigen 96, Ly-96, ESOP-1, Protein MD-2
What's included?
Recommended products
Human MD2 ELISA Kit is a Sandwich (quantitative) ELISA kit for the measurement of Human MD2 in Human in Plasma, Cell culture supernatant, Serum samples.
Key facts
- Detection method
- Colorimetric
- Sample types
- Plasma, Cell culture supernatant, Serum
- Assay type
- Sandwich (quantitative)
- Reactive species
- Human
- Range
- 1.638 - 400 ng/mL
- Assay Platform
- Pre-coated microplate (12 x 8 well strips)
- Sensitivity
- = 1.6 ng/mL
Precision
Intra assay
| Sample | n | C.V. |
|---|---|---|
Sample Overall | n 0 | C.V. < 10 |
Inter assay
| Sample | n | C.V. |
|---|---|---|
Sample Overall | n 0 | C.V. < 12 |
Recovery
Sample specific recovery
| Sample type | Average % | Range |
|---|---|---|
Sample type Serum | Average % = 94.92 | Range 80 - 109 % |
Sample type Plasma | Average % = 90.5 | Range 74 - 119 % |
Sample type Cell culture media | Average % = 103.3 | Range 95 - 111 % |
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
- Blue Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
- -20°C
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
- -20°C
- Storage information
- -20°C
Notes
Human MD2 ELISA Kit (ab277443) is an in-vitro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative measurement of Human MD2 in serum, plasma and cell culture supernatants.
This assay employs an antibody specific for Human MD2 coated on a 96-well plate. Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and Human MD2 present in a sample is bound to the wells by the immobilized antibody. The wells are washed, and biotinylated anti-Human MD2 antibody is added. After washing away unbound biotinylated antibody, HRP-conjugated streptavidin is pipetted to the wells. The wells are again washed, a TMB substrate solution is added to the wells and color develops in proportion to the amount of Human MD2 bound. The Stop Solution changes the color from blue to yellow, and the intensity of the color is measured at 450 nm.
Supplementary info
- This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
MD2 also known as lymphocyte antigen 96 is a small glycoprotein with a mass of approximately 18 kDa. It is mainly found in myeloid cells including monocytes and macrophages where it plays an important role in immune response. MD2 serves as a co-receptor working closely with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to facilitate the recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) the components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The interaction between MD2 and TLR4 is important for the initiation of downstream signaling that activates the immune system.
- Biological function summary
MD2 acts as an integral part of the Toll-like receptor complex specifically the TLR4/MD2 complex. This complex recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) found on microbes triggering the activation of innate immune responses. By binding to LPS MD2 undergoes a conformational change that enables TLR4 dimerization and subsequent recruitment of adapter proteins like MyD88 and TRIF. This recruitment leads to the activation of NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways which promote the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines essential for an adequate immune response.
- Pathways
MD2 and its associated TLR4 are central components of the innate immune signaling cascade. They contribute to the MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent pathways both pivotal to inflammation and immune defense. These pathways orchestrate a range of immune responses by mediating the production of cytokines and type I interferons respectively. MD2 also interacts with other proteins such as CD14 which increases the sensitivity of the TLR4/MD2 complex to LPS enhancing its ability to respond to bacterial invasion.
- Associated diseases and disorders
Alterations in MD2-mediated signaling are associated with sepsis and inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. MD2/TLR4 interaction plays a pivotal role in the hyperinflammatory response observed during sepsis where excessive cytokine release can lead to tissue damage and organ failure. In rheumatoid arthritis MD2-related signaling contributes to chronic inflammation and joint destruction. Drugs targeting the MD2-TLR4 pathway are under investigation for managing these conditions revealing the critical role of MD2 in these disease mechanisms.
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1 product image
ELISA - Human MD2 ELISA Kit (ab277443)
These standard curves are for demonstration only. A standard curve must be run with each assay.
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Product protocols
- Visit the general protocols
- Visit troubleshooting
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