Human Protein S ELISA Kit is a single-wash 90-min SimpleStep ELISA® for the quantitative measurement of Human Protein S in Cell culture media, Heparin Plasma, EDTA Plasma, Citrate plasma, Serum samples.
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Key facts
- Detection method
- Colorimetric
- Sample types
- Cell culture media, Heparin Plasma, EDTA Plasma, Citrate plasma, Serum
- Assay type
- Sandwich (quantitative)
- Reactive species
- Human
- Range
- 0.469 - 30 ng/mL
- Assay time
- 1h 30m
- Sensitivity
- = 0.216 ng/mL
Reactivity data
| Application | Reactivity | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
Application sELISA | Reactivity Reacts | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Target data
Function
Anticoagulant plasma protein; it is a cofactor to activated protein C in the degradation of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa. It helps to prevent coagulation and stimulating fibrinolysis.
Alternative names
PROS, PROS1, Vitamin K-dependent protein S
What's included?
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Human Protein S ELISA Kit is a single-wash 90-min SimpleStep ELISA® for the quantitative measurement of Human Protein S in Cell culture media, Heparin Plasma, EDTA Plasma, Citrate plasma, Serum samples.
Key facts
- Detection method
- Colorimetric
- Sample types
- Cell culture media, Heparin Plasma, EDTA Plasma, Citrate plasma, Serum
- Assay type
- Sandwich (quantitative)
- Reactive species
- Human
- Range
- 0.469 - 30 ng/mL
- Assay time
- 1h 30m
- Assay Platform
- Pre-coated microplate (12 x 8 well strips)
- Sensitivity
- = 0.216 ng/mL
- General recovery
- 117%
Precision
Intra assay
| Sample | n | mean | SD | C.V. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample Serum | n 8 | mean - | SD - | C.V. 4 |
Inter assay
| Sample | n | mean | SD | C.V. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample Serum | n 3 | mean - | SD - | C.V. 3 |
Recovery
Sample specific recovery
| Sample type | Average % | Range |
|---|---|---|
Sample type Serum | Average % = 117 | Range 108 - 129 % |
Sample type Citrate plasma | Average % = 115 | Range 96 - 128 % |
Sample type EDTA Plasma | Average % = 114 | Range 110 - 117 % |
Sample type Heparin Plasma | Average % = 116 | Range 107 - 127 % |
Sample type Cell culture media | Average % = 100 | Range 96 - 105 % |
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
- Blue Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
- +4°C
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
- +4°C
- Storage information
- +4°C
Notes
Human Protein S SimpleStep ELISA® kit is a single-wash 90 min sandwich ELISA designed for the quantitative measurement of Protein S protein in human serum, plasma, saliva and cell culture supernatant. Quantitate Human Protein S with 0.216 ng/ml sensitivity.
SimpleStep ELISA® technology employs capture antibodies conjugated to an affinity tag that is recognized by the monoclonal antibody used to coat our SimpleStep ELISA® plates. This approach to sandwich ELISA allows the formation of the antibody-analyte sandwich complex in a single step, significantly reducing assay time. See the SimpleStep ELISA® protocol summary in the image section for further details. Our SimpleStep ELISA® technology provides several benefits:
-Single-wash protocol reduces assay time to 90 minutes or less
-High sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility from superior antibodies
-Fully validated in biological samples
-96-wells plate breakable into 12 x 8 wells strips
A 384-well SimpleStep ELISA® microplate (Pre-coated 384 well Microplate SimpleStep ELISA® ab203359) is available to use as an alternative to the 96-well microplate provided with SimpleStep ELISA® kits.
Supplementary info
- This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
Protein S also known as PROS1 is a vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein with a molecular mass of approximately 75 kDa. It is synthesized mainly in the liver but also found in other tissues such as the endothelium megakaryocytes and osteoblasts. This protein plays a significant role in the regulation of blood coagulation by serving as a non-enzymatic cofactor for activated protein C (APC) in the proteolytic degradation of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa.
- Biological function summary
The integrated function of Protein S within the coagulation cascade cannot be overemphasized. It acts synergistically with APC to limit thrombin generation therefore facilitating anticoagulation. Protein S is part of a complex with APC that exerts a potent anticoagulant effect. While free Protein S shows functional activity a large fraction circulates in complex with C4b-binding protein where it exhibits limited cofactor activity.
- Pathways
The anticoagulant role of Protein S anchors it within the critical pathways like the protein C pathway impacting hemostasis. It directly associates with proteins such as Factor Va and Factor VIIIa and indirectly with proteins like thrombin. The regulation of coagulation through these pathways highlights its contribution to maintaining vascular integrity and preventing thrombosis.
- Associated diseases and disorders
Protein S deficiency has clinical implications in thrombotic conditions including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Such deficiencies can be hereditary or acquired often linked to disorders affecting vitamin K metabolism or liver function. Protein C another key anticoagulant closely interacts with Protein S in these disorders highlighting their collaborative effort in preventing excessive clot formation.
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6 product images
Sandwich ELISA - Human Protein S ELISA Kit (ab309109)
Standard curve comparison between the original Human Protein S SimpleStep ELISA (Human Protein S ELISA Kit ab190808) and current Human Protein S SimpleStep ELISA (ab309109).
Sandwich ELISA - Human Protein S ELISA Kit (ab309109)
Example of human Protein S standard curve. Background-subtracted data values (mean +/- SD) are graphed.
Sandwich ELISA - Human Protein S ELISA Kit (ab309109)
Complexed Protein S was dissociated by acid-treatment: 75 µL of plasma (citrate) and plasma (EDTA) samples pre-diluted to 50% in Sample diluent NS were mixed with equal volume (75 µL) of 1N HCl and incubated for 10 min at room temperature; then 75 µL of 1.2 N NaOH, 500 mM HEPES solution was added to neutralize the sample. Native Protein S was measured in duplicate in serially diluted samples. The interpolated dilution factor corrected values are plotted as percentage of mock-treated samples (mean +/- SD, n=2). Approximately 60% of Protein S is present in the complexed form within normal plasma samples. It can be noted that acid-treatment did not significantly affect the interpolated concentration indicating that the kit measures both the free and complexed forms of Protein S.
Sandwich ELISA - Human Protein S ELISA Kit (ab309109)
Plasma (citrate) and plasma (EDTA) samples were fractionated by PEG6000 precipitation to resolve free Protein S from complexed Protein S following the protocol provided in the Sample Preparation section. Native Protein S was measured in duplicate in serially diluted samples. The interpolated dilution factor corrected values are plotted as percentage of non-fractionated (Total) samples (mean +/- SD, n=2).
Sandwich ELISA - Human Protein S ELISA Kit (ab309109)
Interpolated concentration of native Protein S was measured in duplicate at different sample concentrations. Undiluted samples are as follows: 1:2,000 serum, 1:1,000 plasma (citrate), 1:1,000 plasma (EDTA), 1:1,000 plasma (heparin). The interpolated dilution factor corrected values are plotted (mean +/- SD, n=2). Sample dilutions are made in Sample Diluent NS.
Sandwich ELISA - Human Protein S ELISA Kit (ab309109)
Serum of ten individual healthy human female donors was measured in duplicate. Interpolated dilution factor corrected values are plotted (mean +/- SD, n=2). The mean Protein S concentration was determined to be 32,253 ng/mL with a range of 24,834 – 45,851 ng/mL.
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