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Human STING ELISA Kit is a single-wash 90-min SimpleStep ELISA® for the quantitative measurement of Human STING in Cell culture extracts, Tissue Extracts samples.

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Key facts

Detection method

Colorimetric

Sample types

Cell culture extracts, Tissue Extracts

Assay type

Sandwich (quantitative)

Reactive species

Human

Range

0.156 - 10 ng/mL

Assay time

1h 30m

Sensitivity

= 36.1 pg/mL

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Reactivity data

Application

sELISA

Reactivity

Reacts

Dilution info

-

Notes

-

Target data

Function

Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) (PubMed:18724357, PubMed:18818105, PubMed:19433799, PubMed:19776740, PubMed:23027953, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:23747010, PubMed:30842659). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm (PubMed:26300263). Acts by binding cyclic dinucleotides: recognizes and binds cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced by CGAS in response to DNA virus in the cytosol (PubMed:21947006, PubMed:23258412, PubMed:23707065, PubMed:23722158, PubMed:26229117, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:23747010, PubMed:30842659). Upon binding of c-di-GMP or cGAMP, STING1 oligomerizes, translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum and is phosphorylated by TBK1 on the pLxIS motif, leading to recruitment and subsequent activation of the transcription factor IRF3 to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state (PubMed:22394562, PubMed:25636800, PubMed:30842653). In addition to promote the production of type I interferons, plays a direct role in autophagy (PubMed:30568238, PubMed:30842662). Following cGAMP-binding, STING1 buds from the endoplasmic reticulum into COPII vesicles, which then form the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) (PubMed:30842662). The ERGIC serves as the membrane source for WIPI2 recruitment and LC3 lipidation, leading to formation of autophagosomes that target cytosolic DNA or DNA viruses for degradation by the lysosome (PubMed:30842662). The autophagy- and interferon-inducing activities can be uncoupled and autophagy induction is independent of TBK1 phosphorylation (PubMed:30568238, PubMed:30842662). Autophagy is also triggered upon infection by bacteria: following c-di-GMP-binding, which is produced by live Gram-positive bacteria, promotes reticulophagy (By similarity). Exhibits 2',3' phosphodiester linkage-specific ligand recognition: can bind both 2'-3' linked cGAMP (2'-3'-cGAMP) and 3'-3' linked cGAMP but is preferentially activated by 2'-3' linked cGAMP (PubMed:26300263, PubMed:23910378, PubMed:23747010). The preference for 2'-3'-cGAMP, compared to other linkage isomers is probably due to the ligand itself, whichs adopts an organized free-ligand conformation that resembles the STING1-bound conformation and pays low energy costs in changing into the active conformation (PubMed:26150511). May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons (PubMed:18724357). May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) (By similarity).(Microbial infection) Antiviral activity is antagonized by oncoproteins, such as papillomavirus (HPV) protein E7 and adenovirus early E1A protein (PubMed:26405230). Such oncoproteins prevent the ability to sense cytosolic DNA (PubMed:26405230).

Alternative names

What's included?

1 x 96 Tests
Components
10X Human STING Capture Antibody
1 x 600 µL
10X Human STING Detector Antibody
1 x 600 µL
10X Wash Buffer PT
1 x 20 mL
5X Cell Extraction Buffer PTR
1 x 10 mL
Antibody Diluent 5BI
1 x 6 mL
Human STING Lyophilized Recombinant Protein
2 x 1 Vial
Plate Seal
1 x 1 Unit
Pre-Coated 96-Well Microplate
1 x 1 Unit
Sample Diluent NS
1 x 12 mL
Stop Solution
1 x 12 mL
TMB Substrate
1 x 12 mL

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Human STING ELISA Kit is a single-wash 90-min SimpleStep ELISA® for the quantitative measurement of Human STING in Cell culture extracts, Tissue Extracts samples.

Alternative names

Key facts

Detection method

Colorimetric

Sample types

Cell culture extracts, Tissue Extracts

Assay type

Sandwich (quantitative)

Reactive species

Human

Range

0.156 - 10 ng/mL

Assay time

1h 30m

Assay Platform

Pre-coated microplate (12 x 8 well strips)

Sensitivity

= 36.1 pg/mL

General recovery

96%

Precision

Intra assay

Sample

Extract

n

8

mean

-

SD

-

C.V.

2.46

Inter assay

Sample

Extract

n

3

mean

-

SD

-

C.V.

1.18

Recovery

Sample specific recovery

Sample type

Cell culture extracts

Average %

= 96

Range

90 - 105 %

Sample type

Tissue Extract

Average %

= 95

Range

92 - 99 %

Storage

Shipped at conditions

Blue Ice

Appropriate short-term storage conditions

+4°C

Appropriate long-term storage conditions

+4°C

Storage information

+4°C

Notes

Human STING SimpleStep ELISA® kit is a single-wash 90 min sandwich ELISA designed for the quantitative measurement of STING protein in Cell Extracts and Tissue Extracts. Quantitate Human STING with 36.1 pg/ml sensitivity.

SimpleStep ELISA® technology employs capture antibodies conjugated to an affinity tag that is recognized by the monoclonal antibody used to coat our SimpleStep ELISA® plates. This approach to sandwich ELISA allows the formation of the antibody-analyte sandwich complex in a single step, significantly reducing assay time. See the SimpleStep ELISA® protocol summary in the image section for further details. Our SimpleStep ELISA® technology provides several benefits:

-Single-wash protocol reduces assay time to 90 minutes or less
-High sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility from superior antibodies
-Fully validated in biological samples
-96-wells plate breakable into 12 x 8 wells strips

A 384-well SimpleStep ELISA® microplate (ab203359) is available to use as an alternative to the 96-well microplate provided with SimpleStep ELISA® kits.

Abcam has not and does not intend to apply for the REACH Authorisation of customers' uses of products that contain European Authorisation list (Annex XIV) substances.
It is the responsibility of our customers to check the necessity of application of REACH Authorisation, and any other relevant authorisations, for their intended uses.

Supplementary info

Biological function summary

STING serves as a pivotal regulator in the innate immune response to viral and bacterial infections. It operates by forming a signaling complex with kinases and other effector proteins which subsequently leads to the activation of transcription factors such as IRF3 and NF-kB. These transcription factors then induce the expression of type I interferons and other cytokines important for mounting an effective antiviral response. The STING pathway therefore enhances the immune system's ability to detect and respond to pathogens.

Activity summary

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) also known as TMEM173 or MPYS is a critical transmembrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 42 kDa. It is primarily expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum of various cell types including immune cells where it plays a central role in sensing cytosolic DNA. STING binds to cyclic dinucleotides produced by the enzyme cGAS upon recognition of aberrant DNA in the cytosol. This binding initiates activation and translocation of STING to the Golgi apparatus facilitating further signaling events.

Pathways

The activity of STING is integral to the cGAS-STING pathway a significant cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway involved in innate immunity. Upon activation STING interacts with TBK1 a kinase that further phosphorylates IRF3 promoting its nuclear translocation and activation. Beyond this STING also intersects with pathways involving autophagy a cellular process necessary for clearing pathogens and damaged cellular components. Through these pathways STING critically contributes to upholding cellular homeostasis and immune defense.

Associated diseases and disorders

The dysregulation of STING is linked to autoinflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Abnormal STING activation can lead to chronic inflammation a feature observed in diseases such as STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI). STING's role in cancer is also notable where its ability to activate immune cells can be harnessed in immunotherapy yet its chronic activation may promote tumorigenesis. In cancer STING often interacts with proteins like K-Ras influencing tumor growth and response to therapies.

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