Mouse/Rat Thyroxine (T4) ELISA Kit

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Thyroxine also known as T4 is a hormone that originates from the thyroid gland. It plays a mechanical role in regulating the basal metabolic rate by controlling the rate of oxygen use by cells. Its molecular weight is approximately 776.87 Da. T4 primarily circulates in the bloodstream bound to carrier proteins such as thyroxine-binding globulin transthyretin and albumin. The thyroid gland synthesizes and releases T4 in response to stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This hormone is important for maintaining metabolic processes and occurs both in human and mouse models demonstrating its cross-species significance.

Biological function summary

Thyroxine acts on tissues throughout the body affecting growth development and metabolism. It is not part of a simple structure but rather influences multiple aspects of endocrinological systems. On a cellular level T4 enters target cells and converts to its active form triiodothyronine (T3) which then binds to thyroid hormone receptors inside the nucleus. This binding alters gene transcription modulating metabolic activity within those cells. Although T4 itself does not form complexes its metabolic conversion and subsequent gene regulatory functions play complex roles in cellular processes.

Pathways

Thyroxine is integral to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and metabolic pathway. The HPT axis involves TSH which stimulates the release of T4 forming a feedback loop essential for maintaining homeostasis. T4 impacts various metabolic pathways directly influencing proteins such as deiodinases which convert T4 into the more active T3. Additionally T4 affects pathways involving energy production thermoregulation and lipid metabolism showcasing its widespread importance in physiological processes.

Associated diseases and disorders

Thyroxine imbalance is directly linked to conditions like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. In hypothyroidism there's insufficient T4 leading to symptoms such as fatigue weight gain and depression. Conversely hyperthyroidism involves excess T4 causing symptoms like weight loss increased heart rate and anxiety. Proteins such as TSH and thyroglobulin are significantly affected by these conditions as their levels can indicate thyroid gland dysfunction. Understanding T4's role provides insights into therapeutic interventions targeting thyroid-related disorders highlighting the importance of effective monitoring through assays such as TSH ELISA and other diagnostic tools.