Human Interferon Gamma + IL2 ELISPOT Kit is a ELISPOT Kit for the sensitive detection of Human Interferon Gamma + IL2 production in a single cell suspension.
| Application | Reactivity | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
Application ELISPOT | Reactivity Reacts | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Type II interferon produced by immune cells such as T-cells and NK cells that plays crucial roles in antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor responses by activating effector immune cells and enhancing antigen presentation (PubMed:16914093, PubMed:8666937). Primarily signals through the JAK-STAT pathway after interaction with its receptor IFNGR1 to affect gene regulation (PubMed:8349687). Upon IFNG binding, IFNGR1 intracellular domain opens out to allow association of downstream signaling components JAK2, JAK1 and STAT1, leading to STAT1 activation, nuclear translocation and transcription of IFNG-regulated genes. Many of the induced genes are transcription factors such as IRF1 that are able to further drive regulation of a next wave of transcription (PubMed:16914093). Plays a role in class I antigen presentation pathway by inducing a replacement of catalytic proteasome subunits with immunoproteasome subunits (PubMed:8666937). In turn, increases the quantity, quality, and repertoire of peptides for class I MHC loading (PubMed:8163024). Increases the efficiency of peptide generation also by inducing the expression of activator PA28 that associates with the proteasome and alters its proteolytic cleavage preference (PubMed:11112687). Up-regulates as well MHC II complexes on the cell surface by promoting expression of several key molecules such as cathepsins B/CTSB, H/CTSH, and L/CTSL (PubMed:7729559). Participates in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells during development and under homeostatic conditions by affecting their development, quiescence, and differentiation (By similarity).
IL2, IL2
Interferon gamma, IFN-gamma, Immune interferon, IFNG
Human Interferon Gamma + IL2 ELISPOT Kit is a ELISPOT Kit for the sensitive detection of Human Interferon Gamma + IL2 production in a single cell suspension.
The ELISPOT assay is designed to enumerate cytokine producing cells in a single cell suspension. This method has the advantage of requiring a minimum of in-vitro manipulations allowing cytokine production analysis as close as possible to in-vivo conditions in a highly specific way. This technique is designed to determine the frequency of cytokine producing cells under a given stimulation, and the follow-up of such frequency during a treatment and/or a pathological state. Elispot assay constitutes an ideal tool in the TH1 / TH2 response, vaccine development, viral infection monitoring and treatment, oncology, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases and transplantation.
This Elispot assay is based on sandwich immuno-enzyme technology. Cell secreted cytokines or soluble molecules are captured by coated antibodies avoiding diffusion in supernatant, protease degradation or binding on soluble membrane receptors. After cell removal, the captured cytokines are revealed by tracer antibodies and appropriate conjugates.
The dual colour Elispot allows you to monitor the production of two cytokines simultaneously in the same well.
Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) are key cytokines in the immune system. IFN-γ sometimes called Type II interferon is a dimerized soluble cytokine with a molecular mass of approximately 18 kDa. It is expressed by activated T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. IL-2 also known as T cell growth factor is a monomeric glycoprotein with a mass of about 15.5 kDa. It is produced by activated CD4+ T cells and acts locally. Both these cytokines play essential roles in modulating immune responses by acting on their specific receptors.
IFN-γ and IL-2 are involved in the regulation of immune response and cellular communication. IFN-γ activates macrophages enhances antigen presentation and promotes the differentiation of T helper 1 (Th1) cells. It also plays a role in the activation of NK cells. On the other hand IL-2 is critical for the proliferation and survival of T cells particularly cytotoxic T lymphocytes and helps in the activation and growth of NK cells. These two cytokines sometimes work in concert to strengthen the immune response.
IFN-γ and IL-2 participate in the JAK-STAT signaling and MAPK pathways. The JAK-STAT pathway involves other cytokine signaling proteins that mediate immune responses including IL-6 and IL-12. MAPK pathway is essential for the transmission of synaptic information and cytokine release in immune cells. These pathways enable IFN-γ and IL-2 to exert their effects on immune cell differentiation and activation coordinating a comprehensive immune response.
IFN-γ and IL-2 are linked to autoimmune diseases and certain types of cancers. Diseases such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes have involvement of IFN-γ due to its potent inflammatory effects which can lead to tissue damage when uncontrolled. IL-2 is associated with autoimmune diseases due to its role in T cell activation and maintenance. Both cytokines interact with Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) in inflammation and tumor biology affecting disease progression and treatment strategies.
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