Complex IV Human Enzyme Activity Dipstick Assay Kit is an immunoassay kit for the detection of Complex IV Human Enzyme Activity in Cow, Human in Cell culture extracts, Tissue samples.
Images
Publications
Filter by
- Orphanet journal of rare diseases 17:2042022UPR activation improves pathological alterations in cellular models of mitochondrial diseases.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesJuan M Suárez-Rivero,Carmen J Pastor-Maldonado,Suleva Povea-Cabello,Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba,Irene Villalón-García,Marta Talaverón-Rey,Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo,Manuel Munuera-Cabeza,Diana Reche-López,Paula Cilleros-Holgado,Rocío Piñero-Perez,José A Sánchez-AlcázarPubMed 35581596
- Frontiers in pharmacology 13:8620852022Pterostilbene in Combination With Mitochondrial Cofactors Improve Mitochondrial Function in Cellular Models of Mitochondrial Diseases.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesJuan M Suárez-Rivero,Carmen J Pastor-Maldonado,Ana Romero-González,David Gómez-Fernandez,Suleva Povea-Cabello,Mónica Álvarez-Córdoba,Irene Villalón-García,Marta Talaverón-Rey,Alejandra Suárez-Carrillo,Manuel Munuera-Cabeza,José A Sánchez-AlcázarPubMed 35370630
- Clinical genetics 102:56-602022A novel homozygous variant in COX5A causes an attenuated phenotype with failure to thrive, lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and short stature.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesAlessandra Torraco,Silvia Morlino,Teresa Rizza,Michela Di Nottia,Giorgia Bottaro,Luigi Bisceglia,Arianna Montanari,Marco Cappa,Marco Castori,Enrico Bertini,Rosalba CarrozzoPubMed 35246835
- Scientific reports 10:170122020Simvastatin improves mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood cells.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesJon Ambæk Durhuus et. al.PubMed 33046789
- Life science alliance 2:2019is a mitochondrial disease gene causing skeletal dysplasia, cataracts, and white matter changes.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesTian Zhao et. al.PubMed 30858161
- Human molecular genetics 28:290-3062018Bi-allelic mutations of LONP1 encoding the mitochondrial LonP1 protease cause pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency and profound neurodegeneration with progressive cerebellar atrophy.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesGraeme A M Nimmo,Sundararajan Venkatesh,Ashutosh K Pandey,Christian R Marshall,Lili-Naz Hazrati,Susan Blaser,Sohnee Ahmed,Jessie Cameron,Kamalendra Singh,Peter N Ray,Carolyn K Suzuki,Grace YoonPubMed 30304514
- Autophagy 15:113-1302018Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy defect triggered by heterozygous GBA mutations.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesHongyu Li,Ahrom Ham,Thong Chi Ma,Sheng-Han Kuo,Ellen Kanter,Donghoon Kim,Han Seok Ko,Yi Quan,Sergio Pablo Sardi,Aiqun Li,Ottavio Arancio,Un Jung Kang,David Sulzer,Guomei TangPubMed 30160596
- Human genetics 136:885-8962017An innovative strategy to clone positive modifier genes of defects caused by mtDNA mutations: MRPS18C as suppressor gene of m.3946G>A mutation in MT-ND1 gene.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesMaría Elena Rodríguez-García et. al.PubMed 28526948
- Neurobiology of disease 54:349-612013Mitochondrial abnormalities in temporal lobe of autistic brain.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesGuomei Tang et. al.PubMed 23333625
- Science translational medicine 4:118ra102012Molecular diagnosis of infantile mitochondrial disease with targeted next-generation sequencing.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesSarah E Calvo,Alison G Compton,Steven G Hershman,Sze Chern Lim,Daniel S Lieber,Elena J Tucker,Adrienne Laskowski,Caterina Garone,Shangtao Liu,David B Jaffe,John Christodoulou,Janice M Fletcher,Damien L Bruno,Jack Goldblatt,Salvatore Dimauro,David R Thorburn,Vamsi K MoothaPubMed 22277967
Key facts
- Sample types
- Cell culture extracts, Tissue
- Assay type
- Sandwich (quantitative)
- Reactive species
- Cow, Human
Reactivity data
| Application | Reactivity | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
Application FuncS | Reactivity Reacts | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Target data
Function
Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix.
Alternative names
COX4, COX4I1, Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide IV, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1, COX IV-1
What's included?
Recommended products
Complex IV Human Enzyme Activity Dipstick Assay Kit is an immunoassay kit for the detection of Complex IV Human Enzyme Activity in Cow, Human in Cell culture extracts, Tissue samples.
Key facts
- Sample types
- Cell culture extracts, Tissue
- Assay type
- Sandwich (quantitative)
- Reactive species
- Cow, Human
- Assay Platform
- Reagents
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
- Dry Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
- Multi
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
- Multi
- Storage information
- Please refer to protocols
Notes
Contains 30 or 90 dipsticks and necessary components to quantify the activity of the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme complex from human and bovine samples. The kit includes sufficient materials to generate a standard curve and evaluate several unknown samples.
The isolation of mitochondria is not necessary for the performance of this assay. In this kit the specificity of anti-COX monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is combined with traditional methods for determining COX enzyme activity by histochemical methods and in-gel activity assays. First, the COX enzyme complex is immnocaptured (i.e immunoprecipated in active form) on the dipstick. Second, the dipstick is immersed in COX activity buffer containing reduced cytochrome c and di-amino benzidinetetrachloride (DAB), which serves as the reporter of COX activity. Immunocaptured COX oxidizes cytochrome c, which then oxidizes DAB to form a red-colored precipitate at the COX antibody line on the dipstick. In addition to being quick, the reaction is cyanide-sensitive. The signal intensity of this precipitate corresponds to the level of COX activity in the sample. The signal intensity is best measured by a dipstick reader or may be analyzed by another imaging system.
Store dipsticks at room temperature in their provided container and out of direct sunlight. High humidity conditions should be avoided.
Store Buffer A, B, and C at 4°C or at -20°C for long term storage.
Store Tubes 1 and 2 at -80°C; they can also be aliquoted upon receipt to prevent freeze/thaw cycles.
Tube 3 can be stored at room temperature.
Range of complex IV / cytochrome c oxidase assay kits
Biochemical assay - Cytochrome C Oxidase Assay Kit ab239711
Immunocapture with biochemical assay (plate-based) - Complex IV Rodent Enzyme Activity Microplate Assay Kit ab109911 (rodent) and Complex IV Human Enzyme Activity Microplate Assay Kit ab109909 (human)
Immunocapture with biochemical assay (dipstick) - Complex IV Rodent Enzyme Activity Dipstick Assay Kit ab109878 (rodent) and ab109876 (human) (this kit)
Immunocapture with biochemical assay and ELISA - Complex IV Human Specific Activity Microplate Assay Kit ab109910 (human)
ELISA - ab179880 (human)
Supplementary info
- This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
Complex IV also known as cytochrome c oxidase is an important component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. This enzyme complex has significant mass approximately 204 kDa and operates primarily in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen facilitating ATP generation. Complex IV is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues with higher expression in organs with high energy demands like heart and skeletal muscle. This enzyme is composed of multiple subunits encoded by both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA.
- Biological function summary
Cytochrome c oxidase plays a critical role in cellular respiration. It forms part of the larger enzyme complex which also includes Complex I II and III. These complexes work together to create a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane essential for ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation. This enzyme's activity is measured through assays like the cytochrome c oxidase assay which evaluates its function in various tissues. These assays help researchers understand how effectively electrons are being transferred and protons are driven across the membrane.
- Pathways
Complex IV is integral to the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and the broader mitochondrial respiratory chain. It interacts closely with cytochrome c a small heme protein that shuttles electrons between Complex III (cytochrome c reductase) and Complex IV. Through these interactions the proton gradient is established enabling ATP synthase to convert chemical energy into usable cell energy. This process significantly impacts cellular metabolism and energy production influencing how efficiently cells function.
- Associated diseases and disorders
Complex IV dysfunction is associated with mitochondrial diseases and certain neurodegenerative disorders. For instance defects in cytochrome c oxidase lead to conditions like Leigh syndrome a severe neurological disorder. Also studies show that disruptions in the electron transport chain involving Complex IV relate closely to Alzheimer’s disease. Alterations in proteins like cytochrome c which work in tandem with Complex IV can exacerbate these conditions highlighting the importance of this target in understanding and potentially treating these diseases.
Product promise
We are dedicated to supporting your work with high quality reagents and we are here for you every step of the way should you need us.
In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.
Full details and terms and conditions can be found here:
Terms & Conditions.
3 product images
Functional Studies - Complex IV Human Enzyme Activity Dipstick Assay Kit (ab109876)
Abcam's enzyme activity assays apply a novel approach, whereby target enzymes are first immunocaptured from tissue or cell samples before subsequent functional analysis. Dipstick ELISA Kits extend this concept by utilizing the well-established lateral flow concept, wherein capture antibodies are striped onto nitrocellulose membrane and a wicking pad draws the sample through the antibody bands. All of our ELISA kits utilize highly validated monoclonal antibodies and proprietary buffers, which are able to capture even very large enzyme complexes in their fully-intact, functionally-active states.
Functional Studies - Complex IV Human Enzyme Activity Dipstick Assay Kit (ab109876)
Figure 1. An example using ab109876 to measure Complex IV activity in fibroblast protein extracts. Developed dipsticks from a 1:2 dilution series using a positive control sample and the associated standard curve. Starting material was 100 μg of fibroblast protein extract.
Functional Studies - Complex IV Human Enzyme Activity Dipstick Assay Kit (ab109876)
Figure 2. An example using ab109876 to measure Complex IV activity in fibroblast protein extracts. Based on the standard curve, 50 μg of protein extract were loaded onto a dipstick for each sample. The figure shows four developed dipsticks, a control sample (1) and four unknowns (2-6). The analysis of the signal intensity and interpolation from the standard curve showed that the unknown samples have between 15-61% of normal Complex IV activity levels.
Downloads
Product protocols
- Visit the general protocols
- Visit troubleshooting
Please note: All products are 'FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR USE IN DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES'.
For licensing inquiries, please contact partnerships@abcam.com