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AB315115

Clostridioides difficile Toxin A + Toxin B Antibody Pair - BSA and Azide free

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Clostridioides difficile Toxin A + Toxin B Antibody Pair - BSA and Azide free is a kit containing recombinant capture and detector antibodies in a carrier-free formulation for the measurement of Clostridioides difficile Toxin A + Toxin B.

View Alternative Names

toxB, tcdB, Toxin B, toxA, tcdA, Toxin A

1 Images
Sandwich ELISA - Clostridioides difficile Toxin A + Toxin B Antibody Pair - BSA and Azide free (AB315115)
  • sELISA

Supplier Data

Sandwich ELISA - Clostridioides difficile Toxin A + Toxin B Antibody Pair - BSA and Azide free (AB315115)

Sandwich ELISA of ab315115 with the capture antibody dilution at 2 µg/mL and detector antibody dilution at 0.5 µg/mL.

Key facts

Reacts with

Clostridium difficile

Assay type

ELISA set

Range

0.12 - 15 ng/mL

Assay Platform

Reagents

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Complementary Products

Primary Antibodies

AB272720

Anti-Clostridium difficile Toxin A antibody [EPR23359-15]

RabMAb|Recombinant|Trial Size

Western blot - Anti-Clostridium difficile Toxin A antibody [EPR23359-15] (AB272720)

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Reactivity data

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Product details

Patented technology
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.

Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with <1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold.

The pair can be used in variety of assays and platforms including but not limited to:

  • Sandwich ELISA
  • FRET/TR-FRET/HTRF
  • Meso Scale Discovery® (MSD®)
  • Bead-based assays
  • AlphaLISA®/AlphaScreen®
  • DELFIA® immunoassays
  • Simoa® and Single Molecule Counting (SMC™) immunoassays
  • Multiplex

Our antibody pairs are supplied in a carrier-free format that is conjugation-ready:

  • Buffer free of BSA, sodium azide, and glycerol for higher conjugation efficiency.
  • Concentration of ~1 mg/ml as measured by the protein A280 method.

We can label antibodies for you: get in touch today to discuss how we can help accelerate your assay development with custom conjugation services.

Pairs are screened in biological samples, including plasma and serum, to ensure specificity in complex samples.

Please note:

The recommended antibody orientation is based on internal optimization in sandwich ELISA. Antibody orientation is assay dependent and needs to be optimized for each assay type.

The range provided for this antibody pair is based on initial sandwich ELISA validation data using recombinant protein. Performance and range of the antibody pair will depend on the specific characteristics of your assay, including standard protein selection.

We guarantee the product works in sandwich ELISA, but we do not guarantee the sensitivity or dynamic range of the antibodies in other assays.

Antibody properties:

Capture antibody: recombinant rabbit monoclonal (unconjugated) – 100 µg

Detector antibody: recombinant rabbit monoclonal (unconjugated) - 100 µg

Concentration: ~1 mg/ml

Storage buffer: 100% PBS

Form: Liquid

Isotype: IgG

Recombinant monoclonal antibodies offer several advantages including:

- High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility

- Improved sensitivity and specificity

- Long-term security of supply

- Animal-free production

Meso Scale Discovery and MSD are registered trademarks of Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC.

AlphaLISA, AlphaScreen, and DELFIA are registered trademarks of PerkinElmer, Inc.

Simoa is a registered trademark of Quanterix, Inc.

SMC is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.

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What's included?

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Properties and storage information

Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
+4°C
Storage information
+4°C
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Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Clostridium difficile Toxins A and B often referred to as the major virulence factors of C. diff are exotoxins with significant impact in infections. These toxins are large proteins with a mass of approximately 308 kDa for Toxin A and 270 kDa for Toxin B. Expressed in the gut environment after germination of C. difficile spores these toxins alter the normal function of intestinal epithelial cells. As glycosylating toxins they disrupt actin cytoskeleton by modifying Rho GTPases which play a critical role in maintaining cellular structure.
Biological function summary

The effects of Toxins A and B result in cytotoxicity and inflammation of the intestinal lining. These toxins are not part of a larger protein complex but function individually to cause cellular damage and trigger strong inflammatory responses. They induce secretion of cytokines which further contributes to inflammation and disrupts tight junctions causing fluid release into the intestinal lumen. This interaction leads to symptoms such as diarrhea and colitis associated with C. diff infection.

Pathways

Toxins A and B influence several regulatory mechanisms in host cells. They are largely involved in the MAPK signaling pathway and disruption of these pathways results in cellular apoptosis. These toxins heavily affect actin cytoskeleton pathways due to their action on Rho GTPases related proteins like Rac1 and Cdc42 leading to loss of cell structure and function. Through these pathways the toxins cause extensive tissue damage paving the way for further bacterial colonization.

Toxins A and B are linked to antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. The damage caused by these toxins plays a significant role in the etiology of these conditions often resulting after disruption of normal gut flora by antibiotics. In the context of immune response these toxins interact with proteins such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) which mediates inflammatory signaling further aggravating C. diff-related diseases. By understanding these toxins researchers aim to develop effective treatments for C. diff infections.
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Product protocols

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Target data

Toxin B. Precursor of a cytotoxin that targets and disrupts the colonic epithelium, inducing the host inflammatory and innate immune responses and resulting in diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis (PubMed : 20844489, PubMed : 24919149). TcdB constitutes the main toxin that mediates the pathology of C.difficile infection, an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the colon when the normal gut microbiome is disrupted (PubMed : 19252482, PubMed : 20844489). Compared to TcdA, TcdB is more virulent and more important for inducing the host inflammatory and innate immune responses (PubMed : 19252482, PubMed : 24919149). This form constitutes the precursor of the toxin : it enters into host cells and mediates autoprocessing to release the active toxin (Glucosyltransferase TcdB) into the host cytosol (PubMed : 10768933, PubMed : 11152463, PubMed : 12941936, PubMed : 17334356, PubMed : 20498856). Targets colonic epithelia by binding to the frizzled receptors FZD1, FZD2 and FZD7, and enters host cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (PubMed : 27680706). Frizzled receptors constitute the major host receptors in the colonic epithelium, but other receptors, such as CSPG4 or NECTIN3/PVRL3, have been identified (PubMed : 25547119, PubMed : 26038560, PubMed : 27680706). Binding to carbohydrates and sulfated glycosaminoglycans on host cell surface also contribute to entry into cells (By similarity). Once entered into host cells, acidification in the endosome promotes the membrane insertion of the translocation region and formation of a pore, leading to translocation of the GT44 and peptidase C80 domains across the endosomal membrane (PubMed : 11152463, PubMed : 12941936, PubMed : 24567384). This activates the peptidase C80 domain and autocatalytic processing, releasing the N-terminal part (Glucosyltransferase TcdB), which constitutes the active part of the toxin, in the cytosol (PubMed : 17334356, PubMed : 27571750).. Glucosyltransferase TcdB. Active form of the toxin, which is released into the host cytosol following autoprocessing and inactivates small GTPases (PubMed : 16157585, PubMed : 17901056, PubMed : 24905543, PubMed : 24919149, PubMed : 7777059, PubMed : 8144660). Acts by mediating monoglucosylation of small GTPases of the Rho family (Rac1, RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, RhoG and Cdc42) in host cells at the conserved threonine residue located in the switch I region ('Thr-37/35'), using UDP-alpha-D-glucose as the sugar donor (PubMed : 16157585, PubMed : 17901056, PubMed : 24905543, PubMed : 24919149, PubMed : 7777059). Monoglucosylation of host small GTPases completely prevents the recognition of the downstream effector, blocking the GTPases in their inactive form, leading to actin cytoskeleton disruption and cell death, resulting in the loss of colonic epithelial barrier function (PubMed : 24919149, PubMed : 7777059).
See full target information tcdB

Additional targets

tcdA
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Product promise

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