Cytochrome c Apoptosis WB Antibody Cocktail (ab110415) is part of the reagents, controls & accessories range. Abcam offers high-quality biological reagents and tools including antibodies, proteins, assays, cell lines and lysates.
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- Cell & bioscience 11:1952021NME6 is a phosphotransfer-inactive, monomeric NME/NDPK family member and functions in complexes at the interface of mitochondrial inner membrane and matrix.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesBastien Proust,Martina Radić,Nikolina Škrobot Vidaček,Cécile Cottet,Stéphane Attia,Frédéric Lamarche,Lucija Ačkar,Vlatka Godinić Mikulčić,Malgorzata Tokarska-Schlattner,Helena Ćetković,Uwe Schlattner,Maja Herak BosnarPubMed 34789336
- Cancer cell 37:104-122.e122020Treatment-Induced Tumor Dormancy through YAP-Mediated Transcriptional Reprogramming of the Apoptotic Pathway.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesKari J Kurppa,Yao Liu,Ciric To,Tinghu Zhang,Mengyang Fan,Amir Vajdi,Erik H Knelson,Yingtian Xie,Klothilda Lim,Paloma Cejas,Andrew Portell,Patrick H Lizotte,Scott B Ficarro,Shuai Li,Ting Chen,Heidi M Haikala,Haiyun Wang,Magda Bahcall,Yang Gao,Sophia Shalhout,Steffen Boettcher,Bo Hee Shin,Tran Thai,Margaret K Wilkens,Michelle L Tillgren,Mierzhati Mushajiang,Man Xu,Jihyun Choi,Arrien A Bertram,Benjamin L Ebert,Rameen Beroukhim,Pratiti Bandopadhayay,Mark M Awad,Prafulla C Gokhale,Paul T Kirschmeier,Jarrod A Marto,Fernando D Camargo,Rizwan Haq,Cloud P Paweletz,Kwok-Kin Wong,David A Barbie,Henry W Long,Nathanael S Gray,Pasi A JännePubMed 31935369
- Molecular cancer therapeutics 16:2689-27002017The Combination of Metformin and Valproic Acid Induces Synergistic Apoptosis in the Presence of p53 and Androgen Signaling in Prostate Cancer.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesLinh N K Tran et. al.PubMed 28802253
- Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death 19:1755-682014Nanosecond pulsed electric fields modulate the expression of Fas/CD95 death receptor pathway regulators in U937 and Jurkat Cells.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesLarry E Estlack,Caleb C Roth,Gary L Thompson,William A Lambert,Bennett L IbeyPubMed 25331537
- Nature 509:641-42014Dichloroacetate prevents restenosis in preclinical animal models of vessel injury.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesTobias Deuse et. al.PubMed 24747400
- Nature neuroscience 16:1257-652013The Parkinson's disease-linked proteins Fbxo7 and Parkin interact to mediate mitophagy.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesVictoria S Burchell et. al.PubMed 23933751
- PloS one 7:e370572012Inactivation of CDK/pRb pathway normalizes survival pattern of lymphoblasts expressing the FTLD-progranulin mutation c.709-1G>A.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesCarolina Alquezar et. al.PubMed 22623979
- Human molecular genetics 20:867-792010PINK1 cleavage at position A103 by the mitochondrial protease PARL.Applications:WBReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesEmma Deas,Helene Plun-Favreau,Sonia Gandhi,Howard Desmond,Svend Kjaer,Samantha H Y Loh,Alan E M Renton,Robert J Harvey,Alexander J Whitworth,L Miguel Martins,Andrey Y Abramov,Nicholas W WoodPubMed 21138942
- Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 198 107:224-342009Absence of caspase-3 protects against denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesPamela J Plant et. al.PubMed 19390003
- Zahnarztliche Praxis 40:10-31989[Value of chlorhexidine in combined prophylactic and therapeutic measures].Applications:Unspecified applicationReactive species:Unspecified reactive speciesM ArnoldPubMed 2623979
Key facts
- Applications
- WB
- Target
- CYCS
- Reactive species
- Human
Reactivity data
| Application | Reactivity | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
Application WB | Reactivity Reacts | Dilution info - | Notes The antibody cocktail (0.9 mg/ml) should be diluted 250x to a final working concentration of 3.6 µg/ml for Western blotting. |
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Target data
Function
Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases.
Alternative names
CYC, CYCS, Cytochrome c
Recommended products
Cytochrome c Apoptosis WB Antibody Cocktail (ab110415) is part of the reagents, controls & accessories range. Abcam offers high-quality biological reagents and tools including antibodies, proteins, assays, cell lines and lysates.
Key facts
- Applications
- WB
- Target
- CYCS
- Reactive species
- Human
Storage
- Shipped at conditions
- Dry Ice
- Appropriate short-term storage conditions
- Multi
- Appropriate long-term storage conditions
- Multi
Notes
The permeabilization of mitochondrial outer membrane and the subsequent release of cytochrome c and other apoptogenic proteins from mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytoplasm is considered a hallmark of many apoptotic pathways. Therefore assaying these proteins in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions is of prime interest for many researchers.
ab 110415 (MSA12) is a Western blot antibody cocktail that allows for the detection of cytochrome c in cytoplasmic and mitochondria-containing fractions for determining the proportion of released cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytoplasm from apoptosis. The kit includes antibodies against a cytoplasmic protein marker, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphodehydrogenase (GAPDH), and 2 mitochondrial markers, pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit E1-alpha (a matrix marker), and ATP synthase subunit alpha (an inner membrane marker). This set of control markers allows for the monitoring and/or optimization of the permeabilization conditions.
Cocktail Antibodies:
Mouse anti Cyt. c monoclonal:
Amount: 50 μg
Working concentration: 1 μg/ml
Mouse anti GAPDH monclonal:
Amount: 5ug
Working concentration: 0.1 μg/ml
Mouse anti PDH-E1-alpha monoclonal:
Amount: 100ug
Working concentration: 2 μg/ml
Mouse anti C-V-alpha monoclonal:
Amount: 25ug
Working concentration: 0.5 μg/ml
This product was previously called ApoTrack™ Cytochrome c Apoptosis WB Antibody Cocktail
Supplementary info
- This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
- Activity summary
Cytochrome c commonly referred to as 'cyt c' or 'apotrack' is a small heme protein with a molecular mass of around 12 kDa. It gets expressed in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. During the process of apoptosis cytochrome c translocates from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm. This movement acts as an important step in the initiation of apoptosis. It's possible to identify this protein through western blot techniques often indicated by 'cyt c WB' or 'cytochrome c western blot'.
- Biological function summary
Cytochrome c plays an integral role in both the respiratory chain and the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. It functions as an electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain facilitating ATP production. In apoptosis cytochrome c partners with Apaf-1 to form the apoptosome complex. This complex is essential for activating caspase-9 a critical executer of the cell death process. Understanding its presence in these complexes is fundamental for studying programmed cell death mechanisms.
- Pathways
Cytochrome c has significant roles within the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. This process involves a series of molecular events leading to programmed cell death. Cytochrome c initiates the activation of the caspase cascade particularly influencing the work of proteins like caspase-3. It also links to the oxidative phosphorylation pathway where cytochrome c facilitates electron transfer between complex III and complex IV critical for ATP synthesis. These interactions highlight cytochrome c's multifaceted function in cellular metabolism and apoptosis.
- Associated diseases and disorders
Cytochrome c's displacement from the mitochondria connects to conditions like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Aberrant regulation of apoptosis can lead to uncontrolled cell growth in cancers with cytochrome c's release being a pivotal factor. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered apoptosis involving cytochrome c are observed. Additionally cytochrome c's relationship with Bcl-2 family proteins illustrates how it's embedded in the balance of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals influencing disease progression.
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Western blot - Cytochrome c Apoptosis WB Antibody Cocktail (ab110415)
In this experiment, apoptosis was induced in Jurkat and 143B osteosarcoma cells by FAS and also by treatment with staurosporine (HeLa cells were also treated, but only with STS). Mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions were isolated (using kit Cell Fractionation Kit Cell Fractionation Kit - Standard ab109719/MS861) and probed using ab110415 (MSA12). As is clear from the gels, cytochrome c has translocated partially in FAS-induced cells and STS-treated osteosarcoma cells, and almost completely in STS-treated Jurkat and HeLa cells. The three control targets allow for verification of the "cleanness" of the cell fractionation.
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