Anti-14-3-3 (phospho S58) antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of regulatory molecules with a molecular mass around 28 to 32 kDa. These proteins exist in seven isoforms in humans termed beta gamma epsilon zeta eta theta and sigma. 14-3-3 proteins are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells including neurons liver cells and immune cells. These proteins participate in modulation of many cellular processes by binding to phosphorylated serine and threonine residues on various target proteins. This binding alters the conformation of target proteins influencing their activity subcellular localization or stability.

Biological function summary

14-3-3 proteins are involved in signal transduction cell cycle control and apoptosis regulation. They participate in protein interactions and form dimers that serve as scaffolds assembling complexes and linking signaling pathways. The proteins associate with kinases such as Raf-1 thereby contributing to signaling pathways that include MAPK/ERK. At the cellular level 14-3-3 proteins govern key mechanisms like the G1/S phase transition and stress response which are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Pathways

14-3-3 proteins play critical roles in the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways. They interact with several key proteins within these pathways including AKT and Raf-1 mediating cellular responses to growth factors and stress. In the PI3K/AKT pathway 14-3-3 proteins help regulate the progression of the cell cycle and promote cell survival linking extracellular signals to the machinery that governs cell fate. These interactions underline the role of 14-3-3 proteins in integrating and regulating complex cell signaling networks.

Associated diseases and disorders

14-3-3 proteins are associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and certain types of cancer. In Alzheimer's disease 14-3-3 proteins interact with tau protein contributing to the pathological aggregation of tau associated with neuronal damage. Similarly in various cancers their interaction with cell cycle regulators like p53 can influence tumor progression by affecting cell division and apoptosis. These connections highlight the involvement of 14-3-3 proteins in disease mechanisms making them potential targets for therapeutic intervention.