Anti-3-Nitrotyrosine antibody [39B6]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

3-Nitrotyrosine forms when peroxynitrite interacts with tyrosine residues in proteins. It is a marker of nitrosative stress and oxidative damage with the molecular mass of the modified residue remaining similar to that of tyrosine. This molecule is commonly found in conditions with high oxidative stress such as inflammation and is present in tissues with significant reactive nitrogen species. 3-Nitrotyrosine detection is facilitated by various techniques including nitrotyrosine staining and plays a notable role in the study of oxidative stress markers.

Biological function summary

Modification of tyrosine can affect protein function and cell signaling. This post-translational modification can hinder protein function or disrupt protein-protein interactions altering cellular processes. Nitrotyrosine often forms part of the cellular response to oxidative damage contributing to complex antioxidant defenses. The presence of nitrotyrosine indicates a cellular environment stressed by reactive nitrogen species linking it to pathophysiological processes in cells undergoing such stress.

Pathways

3-nitrotyrosine acts in oxidative stress and cell signaling routes. It integrates into pathways related to the cellular stress response particularly the antioxidant defense mechanisms. Proteins such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) may indirectly relate to nitrotyrosine since they mitigate reactive species trying to maintain redox balance. The presence of nitrotyrosine can indicate excess stress on these systems reflecting shifts in signaling that affect cell survival.

Associated diseases and disorders

High levels of 3-nitrotyrosine associate with cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. In diseases such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's 3-nitrotyrosine presence indicates elevated oxidative stress. Through these conditions it relates to proteins like amyloid-beta in Alzheimer's disease or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in cardiovascular disease. These associations emphasize the potential of 3-nitrotyrosine as a biomarker for oxidative damage in stress-related diseases.