Anti-AC3 antibody [1A12]

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

The protein AC3 also known as 'Adcy3' functions as an adenylate cyclase enzyme. This enzyme plays a significant mechanical role by converting ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to cyclic AMP (cAMP) which acts as a secondary messenger in various signaling pathways. It is also referred to as '1a12' in some studies. Weighing approximately 137 kDa AC3 is mainly expressed in the olfactory epithelium where it contributes to odor detection the brain and other tissues at lower levels. This protein operates at the cell membrane where it interacts with G proteins to mediate signal transduction processes.

Biological function summary

Adenylate cyclase 3 (AC3) serves as an essential component in sensory signal transduction and is part of the adenylyl cyclase complex. It plays an important role in the conversion of external stimuli into intracellular signals important for processes like olfaction and hormonal response. Within neurons AC3 influences synaptic plasticity and learning by regulating cAMP levels. This modulation affects various neural activities and responses making AC3 important for central nervous system functions.

Pathways

AC3 is integrally involved in the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. These pathways involve the activation of AC3 by G-proteins leading to enhanced production of cAMP which subsequently activates protein kinase A (PKA). AC3 collaborates with other adenylate cyclases and G-protein subunits such as Gα and Gβγ within these pathways. This intricate signaling cascade influences cellular responses to hormones and neurotransmitters and alters gene expression through cAMP-mediated pathways.

AC3 has associations with conditions like obesity and depression. Abnormalities in AC3 function or expression can lead to impaired cAMP signaling disrupting normal metabolic and neurological processes. Research indicates that AC3 interacts with the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in regulating energy homeostasis and body weight linking it to obesity. In depression altered AC3 levels impact neurotransmitter signaling contributing to mood disorders. Understanding AC3's role in these conditions may offer therapeutic insights into disease management.