Name: Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812]
SKU: ab205270
Rating: 5 (25 reviews)

Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270) is a rabbit monoclonal antibody detecting active YAP1 in Western Blot, IHC-P, ICC/IF. Suitable for Human, Mouse.

- KO validated for confirmed specificity

- Biophysical QC for unrivalled batch-batch consistency

- Over 90 publications

Related conjugates and formulations

ab225440
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Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812]
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Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] - BSA and Azide free
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Alexa Fluor® 568 Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812]
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Alexa Fluor® 555 Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812]
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Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812]
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Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812]
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Alexa Fluor® 750 Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812]

Images

Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (AB205270), expandable thumbnail

Publications

Key facts

Isotype: IgG
Host species: Rabbit
Storage buffer: pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Form: Liquid
Clonality: Monoclonal

Immunogen

The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

Reactivity data

Select an application

Product promiseTestedExpectedPredictedNot recommended

	WB	ICC/IF	IHC-P
Human	Tested	Tested	Tested
Mouse	Tested	Expected	Tested

Tested
Tested

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Mouse	Dilution info 1/1000	Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Species Human	Dilution info 1/1000	Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Tested
Tested

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Human	Dilution info 1/500	Notes -

Expected
Expected

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Mouse	Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration.	Notes -

Tested
Tested

Species	Dilution info	Notes
Species Mouse	Dilution info 1/2000	Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Species Human	Dilution info 1/2000	Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Target data

See full target information YAP1

Function

The protein expressed by the YAP1 gene functions as a transcriptional regulator, acting both as a coactivator and corepressor. It is a critical downstream regulatory target in the Hippo signaling pathway, which is crucial for organ size control and tumor suppression, as it restricts proliferation and promotes apoptosis. The pathway involves a kinase cascade where STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1 activate LATS1/2, which then inactivates the YAP1 oncoprotein. YAP1 plays a key role in tissue tension and 3D tissue shape by regulating cortical actomyosin network formation through ARHGAP18. It controls cell proliferation in response to cell contact, with its phosphorylation by LATS1/2 preventing nuclear translocation necessary for regulating cellular genes linked to proliferation, death, and migration. TEAD transcription factors are needed for YAP1 to stimulate gene expression, cell growth, anchorage-independent growth, and EMT induction. Additionally, YAP1 suppresses ciliogenesis by repressing TEAD4 target genes AURKA and PLK1. Isoforms 2 and 3 of YAP1 activate the C-terminal fragment of ERBB4 (isoform 3). This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Alternative names

YAP65, YAP1, Transcriptional coactivator YAP1, Yes-associated protein 1, Protein yorkie homolog, Yes-associated protein YAP65 homolog

Key facts

Isotype: IgG
Host species: Rabbit
Storage buffer: pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Form: Liquid
Clonality: Monoclonal
Immunogens: The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
Clone number: EPR19812
Purification technique: Affinity purification Protein A
Specificity: ab205270 is specific to the active (non-phosphorylated) form of YAP1.
Concentration

Storage

Shipped at conditions: Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage duration: 1-2 weeks
Appropriate short-term storage conditions: +4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions: -20°C
Aliquoting information: Upon delivery aliquot
Storage information: Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Notes

Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270) was developed by Abcam using patented rabbit monoclonal antibody technology and is validated for use in ICC/IF, IHC-P and WB.

Abcam's high quality manufacturing and validation processes ensure Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270) has high sensitivity and specificity alongside high lot-to-lot consistency and reproducibility.

The specificity of Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270) has been confirmed by Western Blot testing in active YAP1 knockout HAP1 cells.

Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270) has 25 independent reviews from customers.

Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270) specifically detects active YAP1 (UniProt ID: P46937; Molecular weight: 55kDa) and is sold in a convenient trial size to enable initial testing (20 µL) and larger sizes for subsequent scaling up experiments (100 µL and 1 mL).

Conjugation-ready, carrier free format available for antibody clone EPR19812 - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] - BSA and Azide free ab223126.

Antibody clone EPR19812 is also available pre-conjugated to a variety of labels for your convenience - Alexa Fluor^® 647, Alexa Fluor^® 488, Alexa Fluor^® 594, Alexa Fluor^® 568, Alexa Fluor^® 555, Alexa Fluor^® 750 (Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] ab225440, Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] ab225441, Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] ab311764, Alexa Fluor® 568 Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] ab313045, Alexa Fluor® 555 Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] ab313246, Alexa Fluor® 750 Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] ab321359).

YAP1 is crucial in disease as it regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and survival, playing significant roles in cancer, liver diseases and orthopaedic degenerative conditions.

Patented technology
Our RabMAb^® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb^® patents.

What are the advantages of a recombinant monoclonal antibody?
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

- High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
- Improved sensitivity and specificity
- Long-term security of supply
- Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Active YAP1 also known as Yes-associated protein 1 is a transcription co-activator with a mass of approximately 65 kDa. It plays a mechanical role in the regulation of gene expression by interacting with transcription factors and enhancing their ability to drive transcription. YAP1 is expressed in various tissues including the liver intestine and neural tissues. Also found in the cytoplasm and nucleus its expression is tightly regulated because of its involvement in maintaining cell proliferation and survival.

Biological function summary

Active YAP1 functions as an important regulator in the Hippo signaling pathway. It acts as an effector that transmits signals from upstream kinases to control organ size by modulating cell growth and apoptosis. YAP1 associates with the TEAD transcription factor family to regulate the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. The complex formed between YAP1 and TEAD is essential for its biological activity influencing processes like stem cell renewal and tissue regeneration.

Pathways

Active YAP1 has a central role in the Hippo signaling pathway important for controlling cellular behaviors such as growth and survival. In this pathway YAP1 interacts with other proteins like LATS1/2 kinases to control its activity through phosphorylation and subcellular localization. Akt/mTOR pathway also connects with YAP1 integrating signals that affect cell growth and metabolism. These interactions highlight YAP1’s position as a pivotal node in maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Associated diseases and disorders

Active YAP1 is implicated in several conditions including cancer and liver disorders. Overexpression or dysregulation of YAP1 leads to oncogenic transformation closely associating it with cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer. In liver disorders YAP1's activity affects fibrosis and regeneration by interacting with proteins like β-catenin modulating pathways linked to tissue repair and scarring. Understanding YAP1’s role offers potential therapeutic targets for managing these diseases.

Product promise

We are dedicated to supporting your work with high quality reagents and we are here for you every step of the way should you need us.

In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.

Full details and terms and conditions can be found here:
Terms & Conditions.

17 product images

Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270)
Blocking/Dilution buffer: 5% BSA/TBST.
The data was kindly provided by our collaborator Dr. Bin Zhao (Zhejiang University).
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: 293A cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: YAP/TAZ knockout 293A cell lysate at 20 µg
Secondary
All lanes: donkey anti-rabbit at 1/1000 dilution
Predicted band size: 54 kDa
Observed band size: 75 kDa
Exposure time: 30s
Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270)
Lanes 1 - 3: Merged signal (red and green). Green - ab205270 observed at 54 kDa. Red - loading control, Anti-GAPDH antibody [mAbcam 9484] - Loading Control ab9484, observed at 37 kDa.
ab205270 was shown to recognize active YAP1 in wild-type HAP1 cells as signal was lost at the expected MW in active YAP1 knockout cells. Additional cross-reactive bands were observed in the wild-type and knockout cells. Wild-type and active YAP1 knockout samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE. ab205270 and Anti-GAPDH antibody [mAbcam 9484] - Loading Control ab9484 (Mouse anti-GAPDH loading control) were incubated overnight at 4°C at 1 μg/ml and 1/20000 dilution respectively. Blots were developed with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye^® 800CW) preabsorbed Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773 and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye^® 680RD) preabsorbed Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776 secondary antibodies at 1/20000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature before imaging.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270) at 1 µg/mL
Lane 1: Wild-type HAP1 whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: YAP1 knockout HAP1 whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 3: HeLa whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Predicted band size: 54 kDa
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast tissue labeling active YAP1 with ab205270 at 1/2000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/500 dilution.
Mainly nuclear staining on human breast is observed [PMID: 18617895].
Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/500 dilution.
Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270)
ab205270 staining active YAP1 in HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cell) cells by Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence (ICC/IF). The cells were fixed 4% Paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.1% TritonX-100. Samples were incubated with primary antibody at 1:500 dilution. An Alexa Fluor^® 488 Goat anti-Rabbit was used as a secondary antibody at 1:1000 dilution. DAPI was used as a nuclear counter stain. Confocal image showing nuclear and cytoplasmic staining in HUVEC cells.
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270)
Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.1% Triton/PBS permeabilized (RT, 5 mins) 293A (Human epithelial cell line from embryonic kidney transformed with sheared human adenovirus type 5 DNA) cells labeling active YAP1 with ab205270 at 1/500 dilution, followed by Goat anti-rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor^® 594) secondary antibody at 1/1000 dilution.
The images showed weak staining on 293A cells under serum starvation overnight. After 10% FBS was added to the medium for 1h, the nuclear staining was increased.
The data was kindly provided by our collaborator Dr. Bin Zhao (Zhejiang University).
The nuclear counterstain is DAPI (blue). Counterstained with Phalloidin-technology^® Alexa Fluor 488 at 1/1000 dilution.
Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270)
Blocking buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Untreated HeLa (Human cervix adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysate at 15 µg
Lane 2: HeLa treated with 100ng/ml Calyculin A for 30 min whole cell lysate at 15 µg
Lane 3: HeLa treated with 100ng/ml Calyculin A for 30 min whole cell lysate, then the membrane treated with Alkaline Phosphatase for 1 hour
Secondary
All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/20000 dilution
Developed using the ECL technique.
Predicted band size: 54 kDa
Observed band size: 75 kDa
Exposure time: 80s
Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270)
Blocking buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Untreated NIH/3T3 (Mouse embryonic fibroblast) whole cell lysate at 15 µg
Lane 2: NIH/3T3 treated with 100ng/ml Calyculin A for 30 min whole cell lysate at 15 µg
Lane 3: NIH/3T3 treated with 100ng/ml Calyculin A for 30 min whole cell lysate, then the membrane treated with Alkaline Phosphatase for 1 hour
Secondary
All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/20000 dilution
Developed using the ECL technique.
Predicted band size: 54 kDa
Observed band size: 75 kDa
Exposure time: 20s
Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270)
Blocking/Dilution buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST.
Serum starvation induces active YAP1 Ser127 phosphorylation. The level of active YAP1 protein is inversely proportional to p-YAP1 Ser127 level (PMID: 22884261).
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: 293A cells under serum starvation overnight lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: 293A cell lysate under serum starvation overnight, then 10% FBS was added to medium for 1 hour at 20 µg
Secondary
All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/100000 dilution
Predicted band size: 54 kDa
Observed band size: 75 kDa
Exposure time: 30s
Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270)
Blocking/Dilution buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST.
Exposure time: Lane 1/2: 8 seconds; Lane 3: 30 seconds.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Human kidney lysate at 10 µg
Lane 2: Human skin lysate at 10 µg
Lane 3: HaCaT (Human keratinocyte cell line) whole cell lysate at 10 µg
Secondary
Lanes 1 - 2: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG Peroxidase Conjugate, specific to the non-reduced form of IgG at 1/10000 dilution
Lane 3: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/100000 dilution
Predicted band size: 54 kDa
Observed band size: 75 kDa
Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270)
Blocking/Dilution buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST.
Exposure time: Lane 1: 10 seconds; Lane 2: 8 seconds; Lane 3: 3 minutes.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Mouse testis lysate at 10 µg
Lane 2: Mouse skin lysate at 10 µg
Lane 3: Mouse liver lysate at 10 µg
Secondary
All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/100000 dilution
Predicted band size: 52 kDa, 54 kDa
Observed band size: 52 kDa, 75 kDa
Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270)
Blocking/Dilution buffer: 5% BSA/TBST.
The two panels for pYAPS127 were just shorter and longer exposure.
The data was kindly provided by our collaborator Dr. Bin Zhao (Zhejiang University).
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: 293A cell lysate serum starved overnight and then 10% FBS added to the medium for 1 hour at 10 µg
Lane 2: 293A cell lysate serum starved overnight at 10 µg
Lane 3: 293A cell lysate serum starved overnight and then treated with Lambda phosphatase at 10 µg
Secondary
All lanes: donkey anti-rabbit at 1/1000 dilution
Predicted band size: 54 kDa
Observed band size: 75 kDa
Exposure time: 30s
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast cancer tissue labeling active YAP1 with ab205270 at 1/2000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/500 dilution.
Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining on human breast cancer is observed [PMID: 24559095].
Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/500 dilution.
Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse skin tissue labeling active YAP1 with ab205270 at 1/2000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/500 dilution.
Mainly nuclear staining on mouse skin is observed [PMID: 21610251].
Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/500 dilution.
Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270)
Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.1% Triton/PBS permeabilized (RT, 5 mins) 293A (Human epithelial cell line from embryonic kidney transformed with sheared human adenovirus type 5 DNA) cells labeling active YAP1 with ab205270 at 1/500 dilution, followed by Goat anti-rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor^® 594) secondary antibody at 1/1000 dilution.
The images showed nuclear staining on 293A cells, and background staining on YAP/TAZ knockout 293A cells.
The data was kindly provided by our collaborator Dr. Bin Zhao (Zhejiang University).
The nuclear counterstain is DAPI (blue). Counterstained with Phalloidin-technology^® Alexa Fluor 488 at 1/1000 dilution.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human liver tissue labeling active YAP1 with ab205270 at 1/2000 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/500 dilution.
Negative control: no staining on human liver [PMID:17974916].
Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Immunohistochemistry - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270)
Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin fixed paraffin embedded human colon labelling active YAP1 with ab205270 at a concentration of 0.09 µg/ml. The immunostaining was performed on a Ventana DISCOVERY ULTRA (Roche Tissue Diagnostics) instrument with a OptiView DAB IHC Detection Kit. Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with DISCOVERY cell conditioning solution (CC1) 100°C, pH 8.5 for 32 mins.
ab205270 Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] was incubated for 16 mins at 37°C. Sections were counterstained with Hematoxylin II. Image inset shows absence of staining in secondary antibody only control.
Customers are encouraged to optimise antigen retrieval conditions, antibody concentration, incubation times and temperature for best results in their own IHC assay workflow (automated and manual).
Image collected and cropped by CiteAb under a CC-BY license from the publication
Western blot - Anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] (ab205270)
active YAP1 western blot using anti-active YAP1 antibody [EPR19812] ab205270. Publication image and figure legend from Chi, Y., Gong, Z., et al., 2020, J Transl Med, PubMed 32169080.

ab205270 was used in this publication in western blot. This may not be the same as the application(s) guaranteed by Abcam. For a full list of applications guaranteed by Abcam for ab205270 please see the product overview.
Silencing lncARSR alleviates lipid accumulation in HFD-fed mice and inhibits tumor formation in nude mice. HFD-fed mice were injected with lentivirus of sh-lncARSR or sh-NC. a LncARSR expression in mice detected by RT-qPCR. b Lipid accumulation in mice determined by H&E staining and Oil Red-O staining (×200). c TG content in mice. d IRS2 expression in mice detected by RT-qPCR. e Expression YAP1, IRS2 and AKT and phosphorylation of YAP1 and AKT levels detected by western blot analysis. f Expression of adipogenesis related proteins (Fasn, Scd1 and GPA) in mice detected by western blot analysis. HFD-fed mice were injected with HepG2 cells stably transfected with sh-lncARSR or sh-NC. g Tumor size and volume examined in xenograft tumor model. n = 15 *p < 0.05 against NAFLD mice injected with sh-NC lentivirus or sh-NC-transfected HepG2 cells. Differences between two groups were analyzed by unpaired t-test. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation