Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516) is a rabbit monoclonal antibody that is used to detect AIF in Western Blot, Flow Cytometry (Intra), Flow Cytometry, IP, IHC-P, IHC-Fr, ICC/IF. Suitable for Human, Mouse, Rat samples.
- Specificity confirmed with AIF knockout cell line validation
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 50% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 49% PBS, 0.05% BSA
IHC-P | IP | WB | ICC/IF | IHC-Fr | Flow Cyt (Intra) | |
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Human | Tested | Tested | Tested | Tested | Expected | Tested |
Mouse | Predicted | Predicted | Expected | Predicted | Expected | Predicted |
Rat | Predicted | Predicted | Expected | Predicted | Expected | Predicted |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Rat, Mouse | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Rat, Mouse | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info 1/1000 | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info 1/500 | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Rat, Mouse | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Mouse, Rat, Human | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info 1/50 | Notes ab172730 - Rabbit monoclonal IgG, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Rat, Mouse | Dilution info - | Notes - |
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Functions both as NADH oxidoreductase and as regulator of apoptosis (PubMed:17094969, PubMed:20362274, PubMed:23217327, PubMed:33168626). In response to apoptotic stimuli, it is released from the mitochondrion intermembrane space into the cytosol and to the nucleus, where it functions as a proapoptotic factor in a caspase-independent pathway (PubMed:20362274). Release into the cytoplasm is mediated upon binding to poly-ADP-ribose chains (By similarity). The soluble form (AIFsol) found in the nucleus induces 'parthanatos' i.e. caspase-independent fragmentation of chromosomal DNA (PubMed:20362274). Binds to DNA in a sequence-independent manner (PubMed:27178839). Interacts with EIF3G, and thereby inhibits the EIF3 machinery and protein synthesis, and activates caspase-7 to amplify apoptosis (PubMed:17094969). Plays a critical role in caspase-independent, pyknotic cell death in hydrogen peroxide-exposed cells (PubMed:19418225). In contrast, participates in normal mitochondrial metabolism. Plays an important role in the regulation of respiratory chain biogenesis by interacting with CHCHD4 and controlling CHCHD4 mitochondrial import (PubMed:26004228). Isoform 4. Has NADH oxidoreductase activity. Does not induce nuclear apoptosis. Isoform 5. Pro-apoptotic isoform.
AIF, PDCD8, AIFM1, Programmed cell death protein 8
Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516) is a rabbit monoclonal antibody that is used to detect AIF in Western Blot, Flow Cytometry (Intra), Flow Cytometry, IP, IHC-P, IHC-Fr, ICC/IF. Suitable for Human, Mouse, Rat samples.
- Specificity confirmed with AIF knockout cell line validation
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 50% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 49% PBS, 0.05% BSA
Patented technology
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.
What are the advantages of a recombinant monoclonal antibody?
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:
For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.
AIF short for Apoptosis-Inducing Factor is a flavoprotein characterized by its mass of approximately 57 kDa. It resides in the mitochondria of cells where it plays a decisive role in apoptosis. Under normal conditions AIF remains in the mitochondrial intermembrane space but when cells receive apoptotic signals AIF translocates to the nucleus leading to chromatin condensation and large-scale DNA fragmentation. The protein is also known as AIFM1 and performs functions beyond apoptosis including regulation of reactive oxygen species. Often analyzed using tools like a mitochondrial AB marker researchers use AIF as an important part of understanding cell death mechanisms.
AIF functions as an important element in mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Once released from mitochondria AIF triggers a caspase-independent pathway of apoptosis making it distinct from other pathways where caspases are central. While not part of a larger protein complex AIF interacts closely with several mitochondrial and nuclear elements to execute its functions. Researchers often monitor AIF activity using apoptosis ELISA kits which help in precise detection and quantification of this protein within cellular systems.
The presence and activity of AIF align with the broader apoptotic pathway and mitochondrial respiration. AIF links significantly with other molecules like cytochrome c released during apoptosis although cytochrome c follows a caspase-dependent pathway. It also shows involvement in various cellular injury and stress response pathways reinforcing its role as a major player in cellular fate decisions and intrinsic apoptotic mechanisms.
AIF holds relevance in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and certain forms of cancer. Misregulation or mutations in AIF can lead to increased susceptibility to these conditions highlighting its importance in maintaining normal cellular and mitochondrial function. AIF also interacts with other proteins implicated in these disorders such as E2F1 in cancer which shares similar apoptotic regulatory roles. These interactions highlight the biological significance of AIF beyond its fundamental apoptosis function making it a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
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This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
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Terms & Conditions.
ab32516 was shown to react with AIF in wild-type HEK-293T cells in western blot. Loss of signal was observed when knockout cell line Human AIFM1 (AIF) knockout HEK-293T cell line ab266347 (knockout cell lysate Human AIFM1 (AIF) knockout HEK-293T cell lysate ab256834) was used. Wild-type HEK-293T and AIFM1 knockout HEK-293T cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Membrane was blocked for 1 hour at room temperature in 0.1% TBST with 3% non-fat dried milk. ab32516 and Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control (Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control ab8245) overnight at 4°C at a 1 in 1000 dilution and a 1 in 20000 dilution respectively. Blots were developed with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye®800CW) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye®680RD) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776) secondary antibodies at 1 in 20000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature before imaging.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Wild-type HEK-293T cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: AIFM1 knockout HEK-293T cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: Western blot - Human AIFM1 (AIF) knockout HEK-293T cell line (Human AIFM1 (AIF) knockout HEK-293T cell line ab266347)
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 67 kDa
Observed band size: 67 kDa
ab32516, at a 1/500 dilution, staining AIF in paraffin embedded human cervical carcinoma tissue by Immunohistochemistry.
Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
ICC/IF image of ab32516 stained HeLa cells. The cells were 4% PFA fixed (10 min) and then incubated in 1%BSA / 10% normal goat serum / 0.3M glycine in 0.1% PBS-Tween for 1h to permeabilise the cells and block non-specific protein-protein interactions. The cells were then incubated with the antibody (ab32516, 1µg/ml) overnight at +4°C. The secondary antibody (green) was Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) used at a 1/1000 dilution for 1h. Alexa Fluor® 594 WGA was used to label plasma membranes (red) at a 1/200 dilution for 1h. DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclei (blue) at a concentration of 1.43µM.
AIF was immunoprecipitated using 0.5mg K562 whole cell extract, 5µg of Rabbit monoclonal to AIF and 50µl of protein G magnetic beads (+). No antibody was added to the control (-).
The antibody was incubated under agitation with Protein G beads for 10min, K562 whole cell extract lysate diluted in RIPA buffer was added to each sample and incubated for a further 10min under agitation.
Proteins were eluted by addition of 40µl SDS loading buffer and incubated for 10min at 70oC; 10µl of each sample was separated on a SDS PAGE gel, transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane, blocked with 5% BSA and probed with ab32516.
Secondary: Mouse monoclonal [SB62a] Secondary Antibody to Rabbit IgG light chain (HRP) (Mouse monoclonal [SB62a] Anti-Rabbit IgG light chain (HRP) ab99697).
Band: 67kDa: AIF
All lanes: Immunoprecipitation - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516)
Predicted band size: 67 kDa
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516) at 1/1000 dilution
All lanes: K562 cell lysate
Predicted band size: 67 kDa
Observed band size: 67 kDa
Overlay histogram showing K562 cells stained with ab32516 (red line). The cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (10 min) and then permeabilized with 0.1% PBS-Tween for 20 min. The cells were then incubated in 1x PBS / 10% normal goat serum / 0.3M glycine to block non-specific protein-protein interactions followed by the antibody (ab32516, 1/50 dilution) for 30 min at 22°C. The secondary antibody used was DyLight® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (DyLight® 488) preadsorbed ab96899) at 1/500 dilution for 30 min at 22°C. Isotype control antibody (black line) was rabbit monoclonal IgG (1μg/1x106 cells) used under the same conditions. Acquisition of >5,000 events was performed. This antibody gave a positive signal in K562 cells fixed with methanol (5 min)/permeabilized with 0.1% PBS-Tween used under the same conditions.
In Western blot, Anti-GAPDH antibody [EPR16891] - Loading Control (Anti-GAPDH antibody [EPR16891] - Loading Control ab181602) staining at 1/200000 dilution.
In Western blot, Anti-AIF antibody [E20] (ab32516) staining at 1/1000 dilution.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-CISD1/MitoNEET antibody [EPR29116-27] (Anti-CISD1/MitoNEET antibody [EPR29116-27] ab318199) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) cytoplasmic fraction at 20 µg with NFDM/TBST
Lane 2: HeLa mitochondrial fraction at 20 µg with NFDM/TBST
All lanes: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (HRP) with minimal cross-reactivity with human IgG at 1/2000 dilution
Observed band size: 15 kDa, 36 kDa, 67 kDa
Exposure time: 10s
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