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Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516) is a rabbit monoclonal antibody that is used to detect AIF in Western Blot, Flow Cytometry (Intra), Flow Cytometry, IP, IHC-P, IHC-Fr, ICC/IF. Suitable for Human, Mouse, Rat samples.



- Specificity confirmed with AIF knockout cell line validation


Images

Western blot - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (AB32516), expandable thumbnail
  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (AB32516), expandable thumbnail
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (AB32516), expandable thumbnail
  • Immunoprecipitation - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (AB32516), expandable thumbnail
  • Western blot - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (AB32516), expandable thumbnail

Publications

Key facts

Isotype
IgG
Host species
Rabbit
Storage buffer

pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 50% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 49% PBS, 0.05% BSA

Form
Liquid
Clonality
Monoclonal

Immunogen

  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

Abcam Recommends

Reactivity data

Select an application
Product promiseTestedExpectedPredictedNot recommended
IHC-PIPWBICC/IFIHC-FrFlow Cyt (Intra)
Human
Tested
Tested
Tested
Tested
Expected
Tested
Mouse
Predicted
Predicted
Expected
Predicted
Expected
Predicted
Rat
Predicted
Predicted
Expected
Predicted
Expected
Predicted

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
-
Notes

Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Predicted
Predicted

Species
Rat, Mouse
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Predicted
Predicted

Species
Rat, Mouse
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/1000
Notes

-

Expected
Expected

Species
Mouse, Rat
Dilution info
Use at an assay dependent concentration.
Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/500
Notes

-

Predicted
Predicted

Species
Rat, Mouse
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Expected
Expected

Species
Mouse, Rat, Human
Dilution info
Use at an assay dependent concentration.
Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/50
Notes

ab172730 - Rabbit monoclonal IgG, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody.

Predicted
Predicted

Species
Rat, Mouse
Dilution info
-
Notes

-

Associated Products

Select an associated product type

4 products for Alternative Product

Target data

Function

Functions both as NADH oxidoreductase and as regulator of apoptosis (PubMed:17094969, PubMed:20362274, PubMed:23217327, PubMed:33168626). In response to apoptotic stimuli, it is released from the mitochondrion intermembrane space into the cytosol and to the nucleus, where it functions as a proapoptotic factor in a caspase-independent pathway (PubMed:20362274). Release into the cytoplasm is mediated upon binding to poly-ADP-ribose chains (By similarity). The soluble form (AIFsol) found in the nucleus induces 'parthanatos' i.e. caspase-independent fragmentation of chromosomal DNA (PubMed:20362274). Binds to DNA in a sequence-independent manner (PubMed:27178839). Interacts with EIF3G, and thereby inhibits the EIF3 machinery and protein synthesis, and activates caspase-7 to amplify apoptosis (PubMed:17094969). Plays a critical role in caspase-independent, pyknotic cell death in hydrogen peroxide-exposed cells (PubMed:19418225). In contrast, participates in normal mitochondrial metabolism. Plays an important role in the regulation of respiratory chain biogenesis by interacting with CHCHD4 and controlling CHCHD4 mitochondrial import (PubMed:26004228). Isoform 4. Has NADH oxidoreductase activity. Does not induce nuclear apoptosis. Isoform 5. Pro-apoptotic isoform.

Alternative names

Recommended products

Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516) is a rabbit monoclonal antibody that is used to detect AIF in Western Blot, Flow Cytometry (Intra), Flow Cytometry, IP, IHC-P, IHC-Fr, ICC/IF. Suitable for Human, Mouse, Rat samples.



- Specificity confirmed with AIF knockout cell line validation

Key facts

Isotype
IgG
Form
Liquid
Clonality
Monoclonal
Immunogen
  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
Clone number
E20
Concentration
Loading...

Storage

Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage duration
1-2 weeks
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
Aliquoting information
Upon delivery aliquot
Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Notes

What is this antibody validated in?


Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516) is a rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody and is validated for use in Western Blot (WB), Flow Cytometry (Intra), Flow Cytometry (Flow Cyt), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P), Immunohistochemistry (IHC-Fr), Immunocytochemistry/immunofluorescence (ICC/IF), in Human, Mouse, Rat samples.

What is the molecular weight of AIF?


Anti-AIF [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516) specifically detects a band for AIF (UniProt: O95831) at a molecular weight of 67kDa.

Recommended positive controls


WB: HEK-293T and K562 cell lysate.IHC-P: Human cervical carcinoma tissue.

Trusted by the scientific community


Anti-AIF [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516) was first used in a scientific publication in 2006 and has been cited over 70 times in peer-reviewed journals.

Reviewed by scientists


Anti-AIF [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516) has over 5 independent reviews from customers.

Trial sizes available!


Test your antibody or perform pre-screening before committing to a larger quantity. Sold in 10µl. Discover our selection of trial-size antibodies. Specificity confirmed


The specificity of Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516) has been confirmed by Western blot testing in AIFM1 Knockout HEK-293 cells.



Other related products


We have a range of other formats of antibody clone [E20] also available for your convenience:
ab32516, Alexa Fluor® 647 - Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker ab196847, Biotin - Biotin Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker ab197526, Carrier free - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - BSA and Azide free ab220215



Patented technology
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.

What are the advantages of a recombinant monoclonal antibody?
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

  • - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
  • - Improved sensitivity and specificity
  • - Long-term security of supply
  • - Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Activity summary

AIF short for Apoptosis-Inducing Factor is a flavoprotein characterized by its mass of approximately 57 kDa. It resides in the mitochondria of cells where it plays a decisive role in apoptosis. Under normal conditions AIF remains in the mitochondrial intermembrane space but when cells receive apoptotic signals AIF translocates to the nucleus leading to chromatin condensation and large-scale DNA fragmentation. The protein is also known as AIFM1 and performs functions beyond apoptosis including regulation of reactive oxygen species. Often analyzed using tools like a mitochondrial AB marker researchers use AIF as an important part of understanding cell death mechanisms.

Biological function summary

AIF functions as an important element in mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Once released from mitochondria AIF triggers a caspase-independent pathway of apoptosis making it distinct from other pathways where caspases are central. While not part of a larger protein complex AIF interacts closely with several mitochondrial and nuclear elements to execute its functions. Researchers often monitor AIF activity using apoptosis ELISA kits which help in precise detection and quantification of this protein within cellular systems.

Pathways

The presence and activity of AIF align with the broader apoptotic pathway and mitochondrial respiration. AIF links significantly with other molecules like cytochrome c released during apoptosis although cytochrome c follows a caspase-dependent pathway. It also shows involvement in various cellular injury and stress response pathways reinforcing its role as a major player in cellular fate decisions and intrinsic apoptotic mechanisms.

Associated diseases and disorders

AIF holds relevance in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and certain forms of cancer. Misregulation or mutations in AIF can lead to increased susceptibility to these conditions highlighting its importance in maintaining normal cellular and mitochondrial function. AIF also interacts with other proteins implicated in these disorders such as E2F1 in cancer which shares similar apoptotic regulatory roles. These interactions highlight the biological significance of AIF beyond its fundamental apoptosis function making it a potential target for therapeutic interventions.

Product promise

We are dedicated to supporting your work with high quality reagents and we are here for you every step of the way should you need us.

In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.

Full details and terms and conditions can be found here:
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7 product images

  • Western blot - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516)

    Lanes 1- 2: Merged signal (red and green). Green - ab32516 observed at 67 kDa. Red - Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control (Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control ab8245) observed at 37 kDa.

    ab32516 was shown to react with AIF in wild-type HEK-293T cells in western blot. Loss of signal was observed when knockout cell line Human AIFM1 (AIF) knockout HEK-293T cell line ab266347 (knockout cell lysate Human AIFM1 (AIF) knockout HEK-293T cell lysate ab256834) was used. Wild-type HEK-293T and AIFM1 knockout HEK-293T cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Membrane was blocked for 1 hour at room temperature in 0.1% TBST with 3% non-fat dried milk. ab32516 and Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control (Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control ab8245) overnight at 4°C at a 1 in 1000 dilution and a 1 in 20000 dilution respectively. Blots were developed with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye®800CW) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye®680RD) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776) secondary antibodies at 1 in 20000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature before imaging.

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516) at 1/1000 dilution

    Lane 1: Wild-type HEK-293T cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: AIFM1 knockout HEK-293T cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: Western blot - Human AIFM1 (AIF) knockout HEK-293T cell line (Human AIFM1 (AIF) knockout HEK-293T cell line ab266347)

    Performed under reducing conditions.

    Predicted band size: 67 kDa

    Observed band size: 67 kDa

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516), expandable thumbnail

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516)

    ab32516, at a 1/500 dilution, staining AIF in paraffin embedded human cervical carcinoma tissue by Immunohistochemistry.

    Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516), expandable thumbnail

    Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516)

    ICC/IF image of ab32516 stained HeLa cells. The cells were 4% PFA fixed (10 min) and then incubated in 1%BSA / 10% normal goat serum / 0.3M glycine in 0.1% PBS-Tween for 1h to permeabilise the cells and block non-specific protein-protein interactions. The cells were then incubated with the antibody (ab32516, 1µg/ml) overnight at +4°C. The secondary antibody (green) was Alexa Fluor® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) used at a 1/1000 dilution for 1h. Alexa Fluor® 594 WGA was used to label plasma membranes (red) at a 1/200 dilution for 1h. DAPI was used to stain the cell nuclei (blue) at a concentration of 1.43µM.

  • Immunoprecipitation - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516), expandable thumbnail

    Immunoprecipitation - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516)

    AIF was immunoprecipitated using 0.5mg K562 whole cell extract, 5µg of Rabbit monoclonal to AIF and 50µl of protein G magnetic beads (+). No antibody was added to the control (-).
    The antibody was incubated under agitation with Protein G beads for 10min, K562 whole cell extract lysate diluted in RIPA buffer was added to each sample and incubated for a further 10min under agitation.
    Proteins were eluted by addition of 40µl SDS loading buffer and incubated for 10min at 70oC; 10µl of each sample was separated on a SDS PAGE gel, transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane, blocked with 5% BSA and probed with ab32516.
    Secondary: Mouse monoclonal [SB62a] Secondary Antibody to Rabbit IgG light chain (HRP) (Mouse monoclonal [SB62a] Anti-Rabbit IgG light chain (HRP) ab99697).
    Band: 67kDa: AIF

    All lanes: Immunoprecipitation - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516)

    Predicted band size: 67 kDa

  • Western blot - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516)

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516) at 1/1000 dilution

    All lanes: K562 cell lysate

    Predicted band size: 67 kDa

    Observed band size: 67 kDa

  • Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516), expandable thumbnail

    Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516)

    Overlay histogram showing K562 cells stained with ab32516 (red line). The cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (10 min) and then permeabilized with 0.1% PBS-Tween for 20 min. The cells were then incubated in 1x PBS / 10% normal goat serum / 0.3M glycine to block non-specific protein-protein interactions followed by the antibody (ab32516, 1/50 dilution) for 30 min at 22°C. The secondary antibody used was DyLight® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (DyLight® 488) preadsorbed ab96899) at 1/500 dilution for 30 min at 22°C. Isotype control antibody (black line) was rabbit monoclonal IgG (1μg/1x106 cells) used under the same conditions. Acquisition of >5,000 events was performed. This antibody gave a positive signal in K562 cells fixed with methanol (5 min)/permeabilized with 0.1% PBS-Tween used under the same conditions.

  • Western blot - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-AIF antibody [E20] - Mitochondrial Marker (ab32516)

    In Western blot, Anti-GAPDH antibody [EPR16891] - Loading Control (Anti-GAPDH antibody [EPR16891] - Loading Control ab181602) staining at 1/200000 dilution.

    In Western blot, Anti-AIF antibody [E20] (ab32516) staining at 1/1000 dilution.

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-CISD1/MitoNEET antibody [EPR29116-27] (Anti-CISD1/MitoNEET antibody [EPR29116-27] ab318199) at 1/1000 dilution

    Lane 1: HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) cytoplasmic fraction at 20 µg with NFDM/TBST

    Lane 2: HeLa mitochondrial fraction at 20 µg with NFDM/TBST

    Secondary

    All lanes: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (HRP) with minimal cross-reactivity with human IgG at 1/2000 dilution

    Observed band size: 15 kDa, 36 kDa, 67 kDa

    Exposure time: 10s

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