Anti-AIM2 antibody [EPR27556-87]

Target data

Sensor component of the AIM2 inflammasome, which mediates inflammasome activation in response to the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytosol, leading to subsequent pyroptosis (PubMed : 19131592, PubMed : 19158675, PubMed : 19158676, PubMed : 19158679, PubMed : 20351692, PubMed : 20351693, PubMed : 20417169, PubMed : 20457908, PubMed : 21902795, PubMed : 23567559, PubMed : 32350463, PubMed : 34006824). Inflammasomes are supramolecular complexes that assemble in the cytosol in response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals and play critical roles in innate immunity and inflammation (PubMed : 19131592, PubMed : 19158675, PubMed : 19158676, PubMed : 20351692, PubMed : 20351693, PubMed : 20417169, PubMed : 20457908, PubMed : 21902795, PubMed : 23567559, PubMed : 32350463). Acts as a recognition receptor (PRR) : specifically recognizes and binds dsDNA in the cytosol, and mediates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex composed of AIM2, CASP1 and PYCARD/ASC (PubMed : 19131592, PubMed : 19158675, PubMed : 19158676, PubMed : 20351692, PubMed : 20351693, PubMed : 20417169, PubMed : 20457908, PubMed : 21902795, PubMed : 23567559). Recruitment of pro-caspase-1 (proCASP1) to the AIM2 inflammasome promotes caspase-1 (CASP1) activation, which subsequently cleaves and activates inflammatory cytokines IL1B and IL18 and gasdermin-D (GSDMD), promoting cytokine secretion (PubMed : 19158676). In some cells, CASP1 activation mediates cleavage and activation of GSDMD, triggering pyroptosis without promoting cytokine secretion (PubMed : 27846608, PubMed : 32350463). Detects cytosolic dsDNA of viral and bacterial origin in a non-sequence-specific manner (PubMed : 19131592, PubMed : 19158675, PubMed : 20351692, PubMed : 23567559). Involved in the DNA damage response caused by acute ionizing radiation by mediating pyroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells and bone marrow cells in response to double-strand DNA breaks (PubMed : 27846608). Mechanistically, AIM2 senses DNA damage in the nucleus to mediate inflammasome assembly and inflammatory cell death (PubMed : 27846608). Also acts as a regulator of neurodevelopment via its role in the DNA damage response : acts by promoting neural cell death in response to DNA damage in the developing brain, thereby purging genetically compromised cells of the central nervous system (PubMed : 32350463). Pyroptosis mediated by the AIM2 inflammasome in response to DNA damage is dependent on GSDMD without involving IL1B and IL18 cytokine secretion (PubMed : 27846608, PubMed : 32350463). Also acts as a mediator of pyroptosis, necroptosis and apoptosis (PANoptosis), an integral part of host defense against pathogens, in response to bacterial infection (PubMed : 34471287). Can also trigger PYCARD/ASC-dependent, caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8 (CASP8) (PubMed : 22555457).. Also acts as a tumor suppressor independently of its role in inflammatory response (PubMed : 26095253). Able to suppress overt cell proliferation in enterocytes : restricts stem cell proliferation in the intestinal mucosa in an inflammasome-independent manner, contributing to a decrease in the likelihood of colorectal cancer development (PubMed : 26095253, PubMed : 26107252). AIM2 suppresses cell proliferation by inhibiting phosphorylation of AKT1 at 'Ser-473', preventing AKT1 activation and AKT-mTOR signaling pathway (PubMed : 26095253, PubMed : 26107252). Inhibits AKT1 phosphorylation both by inhibiting the activity of PRKDC/DNA-PK kinase and promoting dephosphorylation by PP2A phosphatase (PubMed : 26107252, PubMed : 33505023). Also acts as a key regulator of regulatory T-cells (Treg) homeostasis by promoting their stability : acts by preventing AKT1 activation (PubMed : 33505023). Its role in Treg homeostasis is important to restain autoimmune diseases (PubMed : 33505023).