Anti-Alanine Transaminase antibody

Supplementary info

Activity summary

Alanine transaminase also known as ALT or alanine aminotransferase is an important enzyme in the body. It has a molecular mass of approximately 54 kDa and catalyzes the conversion between alanine and pyruvate by transferring an amino group. ALT is mainly expressed in the liver but also present in other tissues like the heart and muscles. It is often measured as 'ALT activity' in clinical settings to ascertain liver health. In laboratories an 'ALT assay' or 'ALT kit' can determine alanine transaminase activity.

Biological function summary

Alanine transaminase plays a critical role in amino acid metabolism and energy production. It facilitates the transamination process which is significant for the balance of amino acids and carbohydrates. ALT as a standalone enzyme does not form part of a protein complex but works closely with alanine aminotransferase reactions. It helps maintain the cellular nitrogen balance linking nitrogen metabolism with energy pathways.

Pathways

The role of alanine transaminase is to interconnect carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. It participates in the gluconeogenesis pathway and the citric acid cycle important for energy production. Through its activity in these pathways it interacts with proteins like aspartate aminotransferase (AST) affecting the balance of amino and keto acids in cells.

Associated diseases and disorders

Alanine transaminase levels indicate liver conditions such as hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Elevated ALT activity suggests liver damage or inflammation. It also connects to conditions involving muscular injury. In these scenarios increased presence and activity of AST often accompany ALT providing a broader picture of the extent of tissue damage. Understanding the involvement of ALT in these pathways helps diagnose and monitor the progression of relevant health issues.