Mouse Recombinant Monoclonal CD68 antibody - conjugated to Alexa Fluor® 488. Suitable for IHC-P, ICC, Flow Cyt (Intra), mIHC and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 2 publications.
IgG1
Mouse
Alexa Fluor® 488
Ex: 495nm, Em: 519nm
pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azide
Constituents: PBS, 30% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 1% BSA
Liquid
Monoclonal
IHC-P | ICC | Flow Cyt (Intra) | mIHC | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Human | Tested | Tested | Tested | Tested |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/100 | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/50.00000 - 1/100.00000 | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/12500 | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/100 | Notes - |
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Could play a role in phagocytic activities of tissue macrophages, both in intracellular lysosomal metabolism and extracellular cell-cell and cell-pathogen interactions. Binds to tissue- and organ-specific lectins or selectins, allowing homing of macrophage subsets to particular sites. Rapid recirculation of CD68 from endosomes and lysosomes to the plasma membrane may allow macrophages to crawl over selectin-bearing substrates or other cells.
Macrosialin, Gp110, CD68
Mouse Recombinant Monoclonal CD68 antibody - conjugated to Alexa Fluor® 488. Suitable for IHC-P, ICC, Flow Cyt (Intra), mIHC and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 2 publications.
IgG1
Mouse
Alexa Fluor® 488
Ex: 495nm, Em: 519nm
pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azide
Constituents: PBS, 30% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 1% BSA
Liquid
Monoclonal
KP1
Affinity purification Protein A/G
kappa
Blue Ice
1-2 weeks
+4°C
-20°C
Upon delivery aliquot
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle, Store in the dark
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Alexa Fluor® is a registered trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc, a Thermo Fisher Scientific Company. The Alexa Fluor® dye included in this product is provided under an intellectual property license from Life Technologies Corporation. As this product contains the Alexa Fluor® dye, the purchase of this product conveys to the buyer the non-transferable right to use the purchased product and components of the product only in research conducted by the buyer (whether the buyer is an academic or for-profit entity). As this product contains the Alexa Fluor® dye the sale of this product is expressly conditioned on the buyer not using the product or its components, or any materials made using the product or its components, in any activity to generate revenue, which may include, but is not limited to use of the product or its components: in manufacturing; (ii) to provide a service, information, or data in return for payment (iii) for therapeutic, diagnostic or prophylactic purposes; or (iv) for resale, regardless of whether they are sold for use in research. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than research, contact Life Technologies Corporation, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA or outlicensing@thermofisher.com.
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
CD68 is a glycoprotein that functions as a scavenger receptor. It plays an important role in the regulation of cellular debris and apoptotic cell clearance. Researchers often refer to it as KP1 or macrosialin in the literature. CD68 with a molecular weight of approximately 110 kDa is highly expressed in macrophages and monocytes. The mucin-like structure of CD68 allows it to be heavily glycosylated which aids in its function. Researchers detect CD68 in tissues through methods like immunohistochemistry (IHC) immunofluorescence and CD68 staining and it is widely used as a macrophage marker in research.
CD68 facilitates functions associated with the innate immune response. It serves as an important part of macrophages which contribute to immune surveillance and tissue homeostasis. Though it primarily operates on its own in some contexts CD68 might assist in forming complexes with other receptors to modulate phagocytic activity. This target is significant in atherosclerotic plaque stability as macrophages engulf lipids and cell debris through processes facilitated by CD68.
CD68 is involved in pathways connected to inflammation and phagocytosis. The CD68 protein works closely with other scavenger receptors like CD36 to mediate uptake of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) in the lipid metabolism pathway. Additionally CD68 engagement can influence the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways thereby linking innate immunity and inflammatory responses critical for host defense and disease progression.
CD68 is associated with atherosclerosis and multiple sclerosis. In atherosclerosis its role becomes evident as it accumulates in macrophages within the plaques making it a marker of disease severity. In multiple sclerosis CD68 expression in macrophages and microglia indicates active demyelination and inflammation. It also relates to proteins such as CD36 in atherosclerosis where both mediate the uptake of modified LDL contributing to foam cell formation in plaques.
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ab222914 staining CD68 in THP-1 cells. The cells were fixed with 100% methanol (5 min), permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 for 5 minutes and then blocked with 1% BSA/10% normal goat serum/0.3M glycine in 0.1% PBS-Tween for 1h. The cells were then incubated overnight at +4°C with ab222914 at 1/100 dilution (shown in Green) and Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [EP1332Y] - Microtubule Marker ab190573, Rabbit monoclonal to alpha Tubulin (Alexa Fluor® 647), at 1/250 dilution (shown in red). Nuclear DNA was labelled with DAPI (shown in blue). Image was taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).
Flow cytometry overlay histogram showing left THP1 positive cells and right negative Jurkat cells stained with ab222914 (red line). The cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde (10 min) and then permeabilized with 0.1% PBS-Triton X-100 for 15 min. The cells were then incubated in 1x PBS containing 10% normal goat serum to block non-specific protein-protein interaction followed by the antibody (ab222914) (1x 106 in 100 μL at 0.04 μg/mL (1/12500)) for 30 min at 22°C.
Isotype control antibody (black line) was mouse IgG1κ Alexa Fluor® 488 used at the same concentration and conditions as the primary antibody. Unlabelled sample (blue line) was also used as a control.
Acquisition of >5000 events were collected using a 50 mW Blue laser (488nm) and 525/40 bandpass filter.
This antibody gave a positive signal in THP1 cells fixed with 80% methanol (5 min) / permeabilized with 0.1% PBS-Triton X-100 for 15 min used under the same conditions.
IHC image of CD68 staining in a section of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded normal human tonsil*.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH6) in a Biocare Medical NxGen pressure cooker using retrieval settings of 110oC for 20 minutes. Non-specific protein-protein interactions were then blocked in TBS containing 0.025% (v/v) Triton X-100, 0.3M (w/v) glycine and 1% (w/v) BSA for 1h at room temperature. The section was then incubated overnight at +4°C in TBS containing 0.025% (v/v) Triton X-100 and 1% (w/v) BSA with ab222914 at 1/100 dilution (shown in green) and counterstained using Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-Tubulin antibody [YOL1/34] - Microtubule Marker ab195884, Rat monoclonal to Tubulin (Alexa Fluor® 647), at 1/250 dilution (shown in red). Nuclear DNA was labelled with DAPI (shown in blue). The section was then mounted using Fluoromount®.
Image was taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).
For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated), customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, antibody concentrations and incubation times.
*Tissue obtained from the Human Research Tissue Bank, supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre.
Immunofluorescence analysis of human bladder transitional cell carcinoma labelled with ab222914. Image was acquired using Cell DIVE Multiplexed Imaging Solution (Leica Microsystems).
Formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) sections were incubated with ab222914 at 1/100 dilution, for 1h at room temperature. Nuclear DNA was labelled with DAPI (Red). Deparaffinization, antigen retrieval, biomarker labeling and imaging was performed following Cell DIVE recommended standard protocol. Cell DIVE automatically processed the image to perform autofluorescence removal, distortion correction, blank glass subtraction, flat-field correction, and stitching.
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