Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal CD81 antibody - conjugated to Alexa Fluor® 488. Suitable for IHC-P and reacts with Human samples.
pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azide
Constituents: 68% PBS, 30% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 1% BSA
| IHC-P | ICC/IF | |
|---|---|---|
| Human | Tested | Not recommended |
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/100 | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
| Species | Dilution info | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
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Structural component of specialized membrane microdomains known as tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TERMs), which act as platforms for receptor clustering and signaling. Essential for trafficking and compartmentalization of CD19 receptor on the surface of activated B cells (PubMed:16449649, PubMed:20237408, PubMed:27881302). Upon initial encounter with microbial pathogens, enables the assembly of CD19-CR2/CD21 and B cell receptor (BCR) complexes at signaling TERMs, lowering the threshold dose of antigen required to trigger B cell clonal expansion and antibody production (PubMed:15161911, PubMed:20237408). In T cells, facilitates the localization of CD247/CD3 zeta at antigen-induced synapses with B cells, providing for costimulation and polarization toward T helper type 2 phenotype (PubMed:22307619, PubMed:23858057, PubMed:8766544). Present in MHC class II compartments, may also play a role in antigen presentation (PubMed:8409388, PubMed:8766544). Can act both as positive and negative regulator of homotypic or heterotypic cell-cell fusion processes. Positively regulates sperm-egg fusion and may be involved in acrosome reaction (By similarity). In myoblasts, associates with CD9 and PTGFRN and inhibits myotube fusion during muscle regeneration (By similarity). In macrophages, associates with CD9 and beta-1 and beta-2 integrins, and prevents macrophage fusion into multinucleated giant cells specialized in ingesting complement-opsonized large particles (PubMed:12796480). Also prevents the fusion of mononuclear cell progenitors into osteoclasts in charge of bone resorption (By similarity). May regulate the compartmentalization of enzymatic activities. In T cells, defines the subcellular localization of dNTPase SAMHD1 and permits its degradation by the proteasome, thereby controlling intracellular dNTP levels (PubMed:28871089). Also involved in cell adhesion and motility. Positively regulates integrin-mediated adhesion of macrophages, particularly relevant for the inflammatory response in the lung (By similarity). (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in hepatocytes. Association with CLDN1 and the CLDN1-CD81 receptor complex is essential for HCV entry into host cell. (Microbial infection) Involved in SAMHD1-dependent restriction of HIV-1 replication. May support early replication of both R5- and X4-tropic HIV-1 viruses in T cells, likely via proteasome-dependent degradation of SAMHD1. (Microbial infection) Specifically required for Plasmodium falciparum infectivity of hepatocytes, controlling sporozoite entry into hepatocytes via the parasitophorous vacuole and subsequent parasite differentiation to exoerythrocytic forms.
CD81, TAPA1, TSPAN28, CD81 antigen, 26 kDa cell surface protein TAPA-1, Target of the antiproliferative antibody 1, Tetraspanin-28, Tspan-28
Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal CD81 antibody - conjugated to Alexa Fluor® 488. Suitable for IHC-P and reacts with Human samples.
pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azide
Constituents: 68% PBS, 30% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 1% BSA
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:
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Alexa Fluor® is a registered trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc, a Thermo Fisher Scientific Company. The Alexa Fluor® dye included in this product is provided under an intellectual property license from Life Technologies Corporation. As this product contains the Alexa Fluor® dye, the purchase of this product conveys to the buyer the non-transferable right to use the purchased product and components of the product only in research conducted by the buyer (whether the buyer is an academic or for-profit entity). As this product contains the Alexa Fluor® dye the sale of this product is expressly conditioned on the buyer not using the product or its components, or any materials made using the product or its components, in any activity to generate revenue, which may include, but is not limited to use of the product or its components: in manufacturing; (ii) to provide a service, information, or data in return for payment (iii) for therapeutic, diagnostic or prophylactic purposes; or (iv) for resale, regardless of whether they are sold for use in research. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than research, contact Life Technologies Corporation, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA or outlicensing@thermofisher.com.
CD81 also known as TAPA-1 or 26 kDa protein is a member of the tetraspanin family featuring four transmembrane domains. The molecular weight of CD81 is approximately 26-28 kDa. This protein exhibits expression in numerous cell types such as leukocytes endothelial cells and epithelial tissues. CD81 plays a mechanical role by facilitating membrane protein interactions and contributing to cellular processes like adhesion and morphogenesis. Researchers have identified specific isoforms like M38 and labels like 1D6 CHAN in studies involving this target often analyzing CD81 through techniques like Western blot to determine expression levels and molecular weight.
CD81 interacts with other tetraspanins and forms complexes within the membrane to regulate cellular signaling trafficking and adhesion. It participates in the assembly of larger tetraspanin-enriched microdomains which are important for efficient signaling and functional variety. These complexes modulate cell morphology proliferation and development influencing immune responses and pathogen entry to cells. The presence of CD81 in diverse tissues implies its involvement in a wide range of cellular processes forming essential complexes with proteins like integrins that further engage in tissue repair and immunological defense.
CD81 plays significant roles in the immune system and viral entry pathways. It interacts with other proteins like CD9 and CD19 within the immune response pathways regulating lymphocyte activation and differentiation. CD81 is notably a coreceptor in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry pathway facilitating viral attachment and fusion into host cells. These interactions illustrate CD81's involvement in modulation of immune cell responses and influence on pathogen infection processes integrating into the complex cellular pathways important for maintaining homeostasis and response to external stimuli.
CD81 has connections to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections and immunological disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). During HCV infection CD81 serves as an important entry point for the virus interacting with proteins like claudin-1 and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) enabling viral entry and replication within liver cells. In SLE alterations in CD81 expression can impact autoantibody production and lymphocyte behavior contributing to the disease's pathology. Understanding CD81's role in these diseases provides insight into therapeutic targets and potential interventions for managing infections and autoimmune responses.
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