Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-p40-phox antibody [EP2142Y]

Supplementary info

Activity summary

P40-phox also known as neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 (NCF4) is a regulatory component of the NADPH oxidase complex. It is expressed in phagocytic cells such as neutrophils and macrophages. The protein plays a role in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the respiratory burst. The molecular mass of p40-phox is approximately 40 kDa. It interacts with other subunits of the NADPH oxidase complex such as p67-phox and p47-phox contributing to the assembly and activation of the complex.

Biological function summary

P40-phox participates in innate immune responses by regulating the NADPH oxidase complex's function. It acts as a scaffold to facilitate the interaction between cytosolic and membrane components. p40-phox integrates into the cytosolic fraction with other subunits and translocates to the membrane upon stimulation. This translocation is essential for generating superoxide radicals that are involved in defense against pathogens. Its functional domains enable it to bind phosphatidylinositol (34) bisphosphate which anchors the protein to the membrane. p40-phox itself is not an enzyme but modulates the activity of the complex.

Pathways

The p40 protein serves as an important player in the signaling cascade of the respiratory burst. It interacts with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and cooperates with other proteins like p67-phox and p47-phox through phosphorylation-dependent mechanisms. The p40-phox is phox compatible meaning it can integrate into various signaling modules. Within the oxidative burst pathway it enhances the cytosolic complex's attachment to the membrane affecting the production of ROS.

Associated diseases and disorders

Mutations in the p40-phox have been connected to chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) characterized by recurrent infections and granuloma formation. The lack of functional p40-phox disrupts the assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex leading to decreased ROS production. This deficiency impairs the ability of phagocytes to eliminate pathogens effectively. p40-phox is also related to inflammatory disorders like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as variations in the NCF4 gene affect the immune response. The dysfunction in ROS production impacts the signaling involving p67-phox and p47-phox further influencing disease pathogenesis.