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Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal CD28 antibody - conjugated to Alexa Fluor® 647. Suitable for ICC/IF, IHC-P and reacts with Human samples.


Images

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB288330), expandable thumbnail
  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB288330), expandable thumbnail

Key facts

Isotype

IgG

Host species

Rabbit

Conjugation

Alexa Fluor® 647

Excitation/Emission

Ex: 650nm, Em: 665nm

Storage buffer

pH: 7.4
Preservative: 0.02% Sodium azide
Constituents: 68% PBS, 30% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 1% BSA

Form

Liquid

Clonality

Monoclonal

Immunogen

  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

Reactivity data

Select an application
Product promiseTestedExpectedPredictedNot recommended
ICC/IFIHC-P
Human
Tested
Tested

Tested
Tested

Species

Human

Dilution info

5 µg/mL

Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species

Human

Dilution info

1/100

Notes

-

Associated Products

Select an associated product type

1 product for Alternative Version

Target data

Function

Receptor that plays a role in T-cell activation, proliferation, survival and the maintenance of immune homeostasis (PubMed:1650475, PubMed:7568038). Functions not only as an amplifier of TCR signals but delivers unique signals that control intracellular biochemical events that alter the gene expression program of T-cells (PubMed:24665965). Stimulation upon engagement of its cognate ligands CD80 or CD86 increases proliferation and expression of various cytokines in particular IL2 production in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets (PubMed:1650475, PubMed:35397202). Mechanistically, ligation induces recruitment of protein kinase C-theta/PRKCQ and GRB2 leading to NF-kappa-B activation via both PI3K/Akt-dependent and -independent pathways (PubMed:21964608, PubMed:24665965, PubMed:7568038). In conjunction with TCR/CD3 ligation and CD40L costimulation, enhances the production of IL4 and IL10 in T-cells (PubMed:8617933).Isoform 3Enhances CD40L-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B and kinases MAPK8 and PAK2 in T-cells (PubMed:15067037).

Alternative names

T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28, TP44, CD28

Recommended products

Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal CD28 antibody - conjugated to Alexa Fluor® 647. Suitable for ICC/IF, IHC-P and reacts with Human samples.

Key facts

Isotype

IgG

Conjugation

Alexa Fluor® 647

Excitation/Emission

Ex: 650nm, Em: 665nm

Form

Liquid

Clonality

Monoclonal

Immunogen
  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
Clone number

EPR22076

Purification technique

Affinity purification Protein A

Concentration
Loading...

Storage

Shipped at conditions

Blue Ice

Appropriate short-term storage duration

1-2 weeks

Appropriate short-term storage conditions

+4°C

Appropriate long-term storage conditions

-20°C

Aliquoting information

Upon delivery aliquot

Storage information

Avoid freeze / thaw cycle, Store in the dark

Notes

This antibody clone is manufactured by Abcam. If you require a custom buffer formulation or conjugation for your experiments, please contact orders@abcam.com.

Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.

This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

  • - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
  • - Improved sensitivity and specificity
  • - Long-term security of supply
  • - Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Alexa Fluor® is a registered trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc, a Thermo Fisher Scientific Company. The Alexa Fluor® dye included in this product is provided under an intellectual property license from Life Technologies Corporation. As this product contains the Alexa Fluor® dye, the purchase of this product conveys to the buyer the non-transferable right to use the purchased product and components of the product only in research conducted by the buyer (whether the buyer is an academic or for-profit entity). As this product contains the Alexa Fluor® dye the sale of this product is expressly conditioned on the buyer not using the product or its components, or any materials made using the product or its components, in any activity to generate revenue, which may include, but is not limited to use of the product or its components: in manufacturing; (ii) to provide a service, information, or data in return for payment (iii) for therapeutic, diagnostic or prophylactic purposes; or (iv) for resale, regardless of whether they are sold for use in research. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than research, contact Life Technologies Corporation, 5781 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA or outlicensing@thermofisher.com.

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

CD28 also known as T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 or TP44 plays an important role as a co-stimulatory receptor on T cells. This glycoprotein has a molecular mass of about 44 kDa and is located mainly on the cell surface of T cells. CD28 expression also occurs on thymocytes and some B cells. It forms part of the immunoglobulin superfamily featuring in significant antibody interactions. Researchers often use anti-CD28 antibodies for various immunological assays including CD28 ELISA to study its function.

Biological function summary

CD28 co-stimulates T cells after antigen presentation. It enhances T cell proliferation survival and cytokine production. CD28 functions alongside the T cell receptor (TCR) complex mediating signals that promote full T cell activation. This interaction amplifies the immune response forming an important axis of immune system communication. CD28 interacts with its ligands B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) found on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) illustrating its role in immune system dynamics.

Pathways

CD28 is integral to the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. These pathways conduct signals critical for cellular growth and survival linking CD28 to downstream transcription factors. The interaction with another protein CTLA-4 acts as a regulatory balance for CD28 signaling preventing over-activation of T cells. This balance influences immune homeostasis and tolerance providing a framework for understanding costimulatory and inhibitory signaling.

Associated diseases and disorders

CD28's role becomes evident in autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. Abnormal CD28 signaling links to rheumatoid arthritis where inappropriate T cell activation occurs. Similarly CD28 activity contributes to organ transplant rejection by stimulating T cell-mediated responses against transplanted tissues. CTLA-4 through regulatory feedback can modify these effects providing therapeutic target strategies for managing such disorders. Efforts to modulate CD28 activity involve developing therapeutic agents such as anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies.

Product promise

We are dedicated to supporting your work with high quality reagents and we are here for you every step of the way should you need us.

In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.

Full details and terms and conditions can be found here:
Terms & Conditions.

2 product images

  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (ab288330), expandable thumbnail

    Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (ab288330)

    ab288330 staining CD28 in Jurkat cells, with negative expression in HEK293 cells. The cells were fixed with 100% methanol (5 min), permeabilised with 0.1% Triton x-100 for 5 minutes and then blocked with 1% BSA/10% normal goat serum/0.3M glycine in 0.1% PBS-Tween for 1h. The cells were then incubated overnight at +4°C with ab288330 at 5 µg/ml (shown in red). Alexa Fluor® 488 Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker ab195887, Mouse monoclonal to alpha Tubulin (Alexa Fluor® 488) (shown in green) was used at 2 µg/ml for structural counterstaining.

    Image was acquired with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems TCS SP8) and a single confocal section is shown.

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (ab288330), expandable thumbnail

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Alexa Fluor® 647 Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (ab288330)

    Immunofluorescent staining of CD28 in a section of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human normal tonsil*.

    Staining performed manually. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with EDTA (pH9.0) using retrieval settings of 110°C for 40 minutes on a Leica BOND. Non-specific protein-protein interactions were then blocked in TBS containing 0.025% (v/v) Triton X-100, 0.3M (w/v) glycine and 1% (w/v) BSA for 1h at room temperature. The section was then incubated overnight at +4°C in TBS containing 0.025% (v/v) Triton X-100 and 1% (w/v) BSA with ab288330 at 1/100 dilution (shown in red). Nuclear DNA was labelled with DAPI (shown in blue). The section was then mounted using DAKO Fluorescence Mounting Medium®.

    Image was taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).

    For other IHC staining systems (automated and non-automated), customers should optimize variable parameters such as antigen retrieval conditions, antibody concentrations and incubation times.

    *Tissue obtained from the Human Research Tissue Bank, supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre.

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Product protocols

For this product, it's our understanding that no specific protocols are required. You can:

Please note: All products are 'FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR USE IN DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES'.

For licensing inquiries, please contact partnerships@abcam.com