Anti-alpha-hemolysin antibody [8B7] - N-terminal

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Alpha-hemolysin also known as alpha-toxin or alpha-haemolysin is a 33.2 kDa pore-forming toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus. This toxin forms heptameric transmembrane pores with each unit contributing to the overall function of the complex. These pores disrupt target cell membranes leading to hemolysis by osmotic lysis. Alpha-hemolysin is predominantly expressed in S. aureus strains and plays a significant role in bacterial pathogenicity.

Biological function summary

The activity of alpha-hemolysin disrupts plasma membranes of host cells causing leakage of essential ions and metabolites. This action triggers host cell death through destruction of cell integrity. As a monomer alpha-hemolysin assembles into a homo-heptameric structure on the surface of the target membrane creating a channel that allows uncontrolled ion passage. This activity is an important part of the infection process by S. aureus compromising host cell viability and facilitating bacterial invasion.

Pathways

Alpha-hemolysin is integral to pathogenesis pathways notably the Staphylococcus aureus infection pathway. This toxin works in conjunction with other virulence factors to enhance bacterial survival and proliferation. It interacts with other proteins and surface receptors that modulate immune evasion and tissue colonization such as fibronectin-binding proteins influencing disease progression and immune response.

Associated diseases and disorders

Alpha-hemolysin contributes to conditions like pneumonia and skin abscesses caused by Staphylococcus aureus infections. The toxin's ability to damage host tissues and immune cells helps pathogenic bacteria establish infections. It is often associated with other toxins such as leukocidins which together enhance the bacterium's capacity to persist in hostile environments and evade host defenses.