Anti-Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 1 antibody

Target data

Function

Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase that removes dipeptides from the C-terminus of a variety of circulating hormones, such as angiotensin I, bradykinin or enkephalins, thereby playing a key role in the regulation of blood pressure, electrolyte homeostasis or synaptic plasticity (PubMed:11723129, PubMed:12777443, PubMed:14757757, PubMed:16270063, PubMed:35201898, PubMed:7753170, PubMed:8642790, PubMed:9231832). Composed of two similar catalytic domains, each possessing a functional active site, with different selectivity for substrates (PubMed:11303049). Plays a major role in the angiotensin-renin system that regulates blood pressure and sodium retention by the kidney by converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, resulting in an increase of the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin (PubMed:11303049, PubMed:14757757, PubMed:9231832). Also able to inactivate bradykinin, a potent vasodilator, and therefore enhance the blood pressure response (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of synaptic transmission by mediating cleavage of neuropeptide hormones, such as substance P, neurotensin or enkephalins (By similarity). Catalyzes degradation of different enkephalin neuropeptides (Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe and possibly Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu) (PubMed:35201898). Acts as a regulator of synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens of the brain by mediating cleavage of Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, a strong ligand of Mu-type opioid receptor OPRM1, into Met-enkephalin (PubMed:35201898). Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe cleavage by ACE decreases activation of OPRM1, leading to long-term synaptic potentiation of glutamate release (PubMed:35201898). Also acts as a regulator of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation by mediating degradation of hemoregulatory peptide N-acetyl-SDKP (AcSDKP) (PubMed:11303049). Acts as a regulator of cannabinoid signaling pathway by mediating degradation of hemopressin, an antagonist peptide of the cannabinoid receptor CNR1 (By similarity). Involved in amyloid-beta metabolism by catalyzing degradation of Amyloid-beta protein 40 and Amyloid-beta protein 42 peptides, thereby preventing plaque formation (By similarity). Catalyzes cleavage of cholecystokinin (maturation of Cholecystokinin-8 and Cholecystokinin-5) and Gonadoliberin-1 (both maturation and degradation) hormones (By similarity). Degradation of hemoregulatory peptide N-acetyl-SDKP (AcSDKP) and amyloid-beta proteins is mediated by the N-terminal catalytic domain, while angiotensin I and cholecystokinin cleavage is mediated by the C-terminal catalytic region (PubMed:11303049).Angiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble formSoluble form that is released in blood plasma and other body fluids following proteolytic cleavage in the juxtamembrane stalk region.Isoform Testis-specificIsoform produced by alternative promoter usage that is specifically expressed in spermatocytes and adult testis, and which is required for male fertility (PubMed:1651914, PubMed:9482924). In contrast to somatic isoforms, only contains one catalytic domain (PubMed:16270063). Acts as a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase that removes dipeptides from the C-terminus of substrates (PubMed:16270063). The identity of substrates that are needed for male fertility is unknown (PubMed:16270063). Isoform Testis-specific and isoform Somatic have distinct activities and cannot completely compensate for the loss of the other when expressed in somatic tissues or testis (PubMed:10831599, PubMed:11723129, PubMed:12777443, PubMed:16270063, PubMed:9664078). May also have a glycosidase activity which releases GPI-anchored proteins from the membrane by cleaving the mannose linkage in the GPI moiety (PubMed:15665832). The GPIase activity was reported to be essential for the egg-binding ability of the sperm (PubMed:15665832). This activity is however unclear and has been challenged by other groups, suggesting that it may be indirect (PubMed:16270063).