APC Anti-Citrate synthetase antibody [EPR8067]

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Citrate synthetase also known as citrate synthase is an important enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate and CoA. The enzyme weighs around 49 kilodaltons. It is expressed prominently in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells where it initiates the Krebs cycle by providing citrate to be further processed. Citrate synthetase is an important point of control within this metabolic cycle.

Biological function summary

Citrate synthetase plays a central role in energy production by converting oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA into citrate. This enzyme is not known to be part of any larger complex but associates with downstream enzymes such as aconitase in the metabolic pathway. Its activity is essential for cellular respiration impacting the overall metabolic rate of the organism. The concentration of citrate produced serves as a checkpoint both for the continuation of the Krebs cycle and for feedback inhibition of glycolysis.

Pathways

Citrate synthetase is integral to the Krebs cycle and the related oxidative phosphorylation pathway. These pathways are essential for efficient ATP production. Citrate synthetase works closely with enzymes like isocitrate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase within the Krebs cycle. Through these interactions citrate synthetase ensures the proper flow of carbon through the cycle impacting ATP yield and cellular energy homeostasis.

Citrate synthetase's function can influence metabolic diseases like diabetes and mitochondrial disorders. Alterations in its activity may contribute to the dysregulation of glucose metabolism seen in diabetes affecting enzymes like glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). In mitochondrial disorders changes in its normal activity can cause energy production deficiencies influencing proteins such as cytochrome c which is critical in the electron transport chain. Understanding these interactions can help develop therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic pathways.