APC Anti-GLUD1 + GLUD2 antibody [EPR11370]

Supplementary info

Activity summary

GLUD1 and GLUD2 also known as glutamate dehydrogenases are enzymes that play roles in amino acid metabolism. GLUD1 enzyme weighs approximately 56 kDa. These enzymes convert glutamate to α-ketoglutarate and ammonia thereby regulating amino acid turnover and nitrogen metabolism. GLUD1 and GLUD2 are expressed in mitochondria across numerous tissues but are highly represented in the liver and brain tissues. Mouse GLUD1 is often studied to understand these functions through model organisms.

Biological function summary

These enzymes participate in critical processes like neurotransmitter regulation and energy production. GLUD1 and GLUD2 provide ammonia and α-ketoglutarate necessary for the Krebs cycle connecting amino acid catabolism to energy production. Although not typically part of a larger complex their activity modulates key metabolic pathways essential for cellular energy.

Pathways

GLUD1 and GLUD2 play central roles in nitrogen and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycles. Within these cycles they facilitate interactions with proteins like AMPK linking amino acid metabolism to cellular energy sensing. They influence energy homeostasis by modulating NADH and NADPH production further integrating with metabolic control pathways like gluconeogenesis.

Associated diseases and disorders

GLUD1 and GLUD2 have associations with hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia syndrome and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. In the context of hyperinsulinism faulty regulation of GLUD1 can lead to excessive insulin production. In neurodegenerative conditions these proteins by altering neurotransmitter levels possibly interact with proteins such as amyloid-β contributing to disease pathology.