Anti-Apo-M antibody

Supplementary info

Activity summary

Apolipoprotein M (Apo-M) also known as protein G3a is a 25 kDa member of the lipocalin family which is secreted primarily by liver and kidney cells. Apo-M is a component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) where it plays a significant role in lipid metabolism. It serves as a binding partner for lipophilic molecules such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) impacting the stability and functionality of HDL particles. Researchers use anti-Apo antibodies to investigate the expression localization and function of Apo-M in various conditions.

Biological function summary

Apo-M influences several critical processes. It binds with S1P which is involved in endothelial barrier function vascular development and immune cell trafficking. Apo-M is also important for maintaining the inverse relationship between cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk. It functions within HDL complexes affecting cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory responses. Apart from HDL Apo-M interacts with other Apo proteins like apoA-I and apoA-II serving as a regulatory component within these lipoprotein complexes.

Pathways

Apo-M integrates into lipid metabolism and signal transduction pathways. It participates in the S1P signaling pathway which is important for maintaining vascular integrity and immune function. Apo-M's interactions within this pathway influence the activity of other proteins such as the S1P receptors which play a critical role in mediating its biological activities. Additionally Apo-M interfaces with cholesterol efflux pathways interacting with the ATP-binding cassette transporters particularly ABCA1 that facilitate cholesterol removal from peripheral tissues.

Associated diseases and disorders

Apo-M has associations with atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. Dysregulation of Apo-M levels can contribute to the development of atherosclerotic plaques as it affects HDL's protective roles against oxidation and inflammation. Alterations in Apo-M levels may also influence metabolic syndrome components given its function in lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. In these contexts changes in Apo-M can affect proteins like apoE which are involved in lipid transport and cardiovascular risk modulation.