Anti-Arrestin C antibody - C-terminal

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Arrestin C also known as S-antigen or retinal arrestin is a protein with a mass of approximately 48 kDa. It functions as a regulatory protein involved in the desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by binding to phosphorylated receptors preventing further G protein signaling. Expression of Arrestin C occurs predominantly in the retina specifically in photoreceptor cells where it plays an important role in visual signal transduction.

Biological function summary

Arrestin C operates by binding to light-activated and phosphorylated rhodopsin a G protein-coupled receptor. This binding facilitates the termination of the photoresponse effectively turning off the signal initiated by light exposure. Arrestin C forms a complex with phosphorylated rhodopsin which is important for maintaining proper vision. This prevents overstimulation of the photoreceptors and allows for the adaptation to varying light intensities.

Pathways

Arrestin C is deeply embedded in the visual phototransduction cascade. This pathway involves interactions with proteins such as rhodopsin and G proteins which lead to the conversion of light signals into neural signals within the retina. Arrestin C also interacts with the GRK (G protein-coupled receptor kinase) family members which phosphorylate rhodopsin marking it for Arrestin C binding and eventual inactivation.

Mutations or malfunctions in Arrestin C can result in progressive retinal disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa. This degenerative eye disease leads to the loss of rod photoreceptors and can eventually impair cone cells as well disrupting vision. Additionally disruptions in Arrestin C functionality are associated with congenital stationary night blindness due to improper inactivation of rhodopsin. Consequently understanding the interactions of Arrestin C with rhodopsin and other proteins remains important for therapeutic approaches targeting these ocular conditions.