Rabbit Polyclonal ATG12 antibody. Suitable for WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF and reacts with Mouse, Rat, Human samples. Cited in 31 publications. Immunogen corresponding to Recombinant Fragment Protein within Human ATG12 aa 1 to C-terminus.
IgG
Rabbit
pH: 7
Preservative: 0.025% Proclin 300
Constituents: 79% PBS, 20% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine)
Liquid
Polyclonal
WB | IHC-P | ICC/IF | |
---|---|---|---|
Human | Tested | Tested | Tested |
Mouse | Tested | Expected | Expected |
Rat | Tested | Expected | Expected |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info 1/500 - 1/3000 | Notes - |
Species Rat | Dilution info 1/500 - 1/3000 | Notes - |
Species Human | Dilution info 1/500 - 1/3000 | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/100 - 1/1000 | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/100 - 1/1000 | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
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Ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy vesicles formation. Conjugation with ATG5 through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving also ATG7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and ATG10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate acts as an E3-like enzyme which is required for lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their association to the vesicle membranes.(Microbial infection) May act as a proviral factor. In association with ATG5, negatively regulates the innate antiviral immune response by impairing the type I IFN production pathway upon vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection (PubMed:17709747). Required for the translation of incoming hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and, thereby, for the initiation of HCV replication, but not required once infection is established (PubMed:19666601).
Ubiquitin-like protein ATG12, Autophagy-related protein 12, APG12-like, ATG12, APG12, APG12L
Rabbit Polyclonal ATG12 antibody. Suitable for WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF and reacts with Mouse, Rat, Human samples. Cited in 31 publications. Immunogen corresponding to Recombinant Fragment Protein within Human ATG12 aa 1 to C-terminus.
Ubiquitin-like protein ATG12, Autophagy-related protein 12, APG12-like, ATG12, APG12, APG12L
IgG
Rabbit
pH: 7
Preservative: 0.025% Proclin 300
Constituents: 79% PBS, 20% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine)
Liquid
Polyclonal
Affinity purification Immunogen
ab155589 detects free ATG12 and ATG12 conjugated to Atg5.
Blue Ice
-20°C
Upon delivery aliquot
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
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This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
ATG12 also known as Autophagy-related protein 12 plays a critical role in autophagy an essential cellular process for degrading and recycling cellular components. The molecular weight of ATG12 is around 14 kDa. It is part of the ATG12-conjugation system and is invariably expressed in various tissues with notable presence in the liver brain and heart. ATG12 forms a covalent bond with ATG5 in a ubiquitin-like conjugation pathway which is significant for this mechanism.
ATG12 is vital for the formation of autophagosomes which are double-membraned vesicles that sequester cellular components for degradation. It functions as part of a complex by binding to ATG5 and further associates with ATG16L1 to form a larger ATG12-ATG5-ATG16 complex. This complex localizes to the outer membrane of the growing autophagosome facilitating elongation and closure of the vesicle making it effective in the regulation of autophagy.
ATG12's interaction with other proteins like ATG5 places it in the macroautophagy pathway an important process maintaining cellular homeostasis and turnover of cellular components. In addition to this ATG12 also contributes to cellular responses to stress conditions via this pathway. Furthermore it has connections with signaling pathways involving proteins such as LC3 which marks autophagosomal membranes and interacts with ATG12-conjugated complexes enhancing the autophagic flux.
Researchers associate dysregulated expression of ATG12 with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease where impaired autophagy leads to toxic protein accumulation. Additionally alterations in ATG12 expression have links to cancer as enhanced autophagy in some tumor cells supports survival under metabolic stress. Both disorders demonstrate connections to proteins involved in the autophagy pathway suggesting therapeutic potential in modulating ATG12 activity.
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False colour image of Western blot: Anti-ATG12 antibody staining at 1/500 dilution, shown in green; Mouse anti-Alpha Tubulin [DM1A] (Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291) loading control staining at 1/20000 dilution, shown in red. In Western blot, ab155589 was shown to bind specifically to ATG12. A band likely to be the unfunctional complex with ATG5 was observed at 52 kDa in wild-type THP-1 cell lysates with no signal observed at this size in Atg12 knockout cell line Human ATG12 knockout THP-1 cell line ab277831 (knockout cell lysate ab278183) - unconjugated functional form not observed at 15 kD. To generate this image, wild-type and Atg12 knockout THP-1 cell lysates were analysed. First, samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in 3% milk in TBS-0.1 % Tween® 20 (TBS-T) before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged. Secondary antibodies used were Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preabsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preabsorbed (Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776) at 1/20000 dilution.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-ATG12 antibody (ab155589) at 1/500 dilution
Lane 1: Wild-type THP-1 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: ATG12 knockout THP-1 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 3: HCT 116 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 4: HeLa cell lysate at 20 µg
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 15 kDa
Observed band size: 52 kDa
12% SDS PAGE
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-ATG12 antibody (ab155589) at 1/1000 dilution
All lanes: NIH3T3 whole cell lysate at 30 µg
Predicted band size: 15 kDa
12% SDS PAGE
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-ATG12 antibody (ab155589) at 1/1000 dilution
All lanes: Rat brain whole cell lysate at 50 µg
Predicted band size: 15 kDa
12% SDS PAGE
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-ATG12 antibody (ab155589) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: 293T whole cell lysate at 30 µg
Lane 2: A431 whole cell lysate at 30 µg
Predicted band size: 15 kDa
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded U87 (human) xenograft tissue labeling ATG12 with ab155589 at 1/500 dilution.
Immunofluorescent analysis of paraformaldehyde-fixed HeLa cells labeling ATG12 with ab155589 at 1/500 dilution. Lower panels co-stained with Hoechst 33342.
Cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 minutes.
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