Anti-ATG9B antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

ATG9B also known as APG9L2 plays a central role in autophagy. This protein has an approximate mass of 106 kDa and is primarily expressed in the human brain and heart with lower levels found in other tissues. Functionally ATG9B interacts with cellular membranes and is involved in trafficking between organelles helping to form autophagosomes. While studying its mechanisms researchers have found its expression patterns closely link to the areas where metabolic regulation is critical.

Biological function summary

Proteins like ATG9B facilitate cellular homeostasis by modulating autophagic response activities. ATG9B is a core component of the autophagy machinery; it localizes to the trans-Golgi network and endosomes playing a regulatory function in the early stages of autophagosome formation. As part of the larger ATG protein complex it ensures proper vesicle nucleation and elongation required for autophagosome maturation. This involvement highlights its pivotal role in maintaining cellular health especially under stressful conditions.

Pathways

ATG9B is significant in the macroautophagy and mTOR signaling pathways. ATG9B functions closely with ATG7 and ATG12 which are essential for autophagosome efficiency in the macroautophagy pathway. The mTOR pathway which regulates cell growth and metabolism responding to nutrients energy and stress can influence ATG9B actions. This interconnectedness explains how cells adjust their metabolic throughput under conditions like nutrient scarcity or hypoxic stress highlighting the complexity of these cellular survival mechanisms.

Associated diseases and disorders

Scientists have linked ATG9B to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Impaired autophagic roles or dysfunctional regulation associated with ATG9B can lead to conditions like Huntington's disease where protein aggregates accumulate due to insufficient degradation. In cancer ATG9B's role diverges where it may either suppress or support tumorigenesis depending on the cellular context. The relationship with proteins such as p53 in cancer emphasizes how ATG9B potentially influences cell death and survival pathways making it of interest for therapeutic studies.