Anti-ATP citrate lyase antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

ATP citrate lyase (ACL ACLY) is an enzyme responsible for converting citrate and coenzyme A into acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate using ATP in the process. This reaction is key for lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis. ACLY's alternate name is ATP citrate (pro-S)-lyase and it has a molecular weight of approximately 120 kDa. The enzyme is expressed mainly in the cytoplasm with substantial amounts found in liver and adipose tissues.

Biological function summary

ATP citrate lyase plays an important role in lipid metabolism and energy production. It drives the conversion of citrate-derived acetyl-CoA a central metabolite in lipogenesis providing substrates for fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. ACLY functions as a homotetramer complex to facilitate its enzymatic activity. This mechanism supports energy homeostasis linking carbohydrate metabolism with lipid biosynthesis.

Pathways

The enzyme ATP citrate lyase is instrumental in the citric acid cycle and fatty acid synthesis pathways. It is a central player in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway which tightly connects to acetyl-CoA and citrate shuttle processes. In these pathways it interacts functionally with other enzymes such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase which further processes acetyl-CoA into malonyl-CoA serving as a precursor for fatty acid elongation.

Associated diseases and disorders

ATP citrate lyase becomes significant in metabolic syndrome and cancer. Elevated expression and activity are linked to an increased risk of metabolic diseases including obesity and type 2 diabetes due to its role in excessive lipid accumulation. Moreover cancer cells often exhibit upregulated ACLY activity encouraging tumor growth by supplying acetyl-CoA for lipid biosynthesis. Its activity is intricately linked to proteins such as fatty acid synthase which also contribute to altered lipid profiles in these conditions.