Anti-Bad (phospho S99) antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The Bad protein also known as Bcl-2-associated death promoter plays a critical role in apoptosis regulation. It possesses a molecular weight of approximately 23 kDa. Bad is expressed widely in tissues and is a member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. This family is well-known for its involvement in the regulation of cell death both promoting and inhibiting depending on the protein’s interactions.

Biological function summary

Its main role is to promote apoptosis by binding to anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL displacing pro-apoptotic Bax and Bak proteins to trigger cell death. Bad functions as part of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and is known to form complexes with phosphorylated proteins. Phosphorylation of Bad by kinases can lead to its sequestration to the cytoplasm reducing apoptosis.

Pathways

Its action is pivotal in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This pathway involves growth factors and cell survival signals where phosphorylation of Bad inhibits its pro-apoptotic activity. Bad interacts with proteins like Akt and 14-3-3 to modulate cell survival. Disruption in its regulation through these pathways may lead to abnormal cell survival or death.

Associated diseases and disorders

Bad has implications in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Cancer cells often exhibit impaired apoptotic pathways where overexpression of Bad can ameliorate responsiveness to therapy. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's dysregulation of its function can contribute to cell death. The protein’s interaction with Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL is significant in these contexts influencing disease propagation and severity.