Anti-beta 1 Adrenergic Receptor antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The beta 1 adrenergic receptor also known as beta-1 adrenoceptor or beta-1 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor involved in the response to epinephrine and norepinephrine. It has a molecular mass of approximately 51 kDa. This receptor is mainly expressed in the heart where it plays a significant role in regulating cardiovascular functions. It is also found in other tissues like the brain and kidneys though at lower levels. The beta-1 adrenergic receptor functions by activating adenylate cyclase which increases intracellular cAMP levels.

Biological function summary

The beta 1 adrenergic receptor influences heart rate and cardiac contractility. This receptor is key in the sympathetic nervous system affecting physiological responses during stress or exercise. It does not form part of a complex in its active state. Upon activation the receptor enhances cardiac output by increasing the force and frequency of heart contractions. It also contributes to the relaxation of vascular and smooth muscle tissues facilitating better blood flow and pressure regulation.

Pathways

Beta 1 adrenergic receptor is integral to the adrenergic signaling pathway. It works alongside proteins like adenylate cyclase to modulate the levels of cAMP within the cell which acts as a secondary messenger in signal transduction. The receptor plays a significant role in the fight-or-flight response coordinating with other adrenergic receptors like the beta 2 adrenergic receptor to ensure a well-rounded physiological reaction to stressors. Another pathway of significance is the cardiac beta-adrenergic signaling which involves the regulation of heart muscle activities.

Associated diseases and disorders

The beta 1 adrenergic receptor is associated with heart failure and hypertension. In heart failure altered expression or function of this receptor can lead to impaired contractile response and cardiac performance. In hypertension overactive adrenergic receptor signaling contributes to increased cardiac output and blood pressure. Related proteins include the beta-2 adrenergic receptor and angiotensin II which can exacerbate these conditions when dysregulated influencing the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Esmolol a beta-1 selective blocker is often used to manage these conditions by targeting the receptor specifically to reduce heart rate and blood pressure.