AB63982

Anti-beta 2 Defensin/BD-2 antibody

Name: Anti-beta 2 Defensin/BD-2 antibody (ab63982) | Abcam
Brand: Abcam Limited
SKU: AB63982
Rating: 5 (1 reviews)

(1 Review)

(24 Publications)

Rabbit Polyclonal DFB4A antibody. Suitable for IHC-P and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 24 publications.

View Alternative Names

DEFB102, DEFB2, DEFB4, DEFB4B, DEFB4A, Defensin beta 4A, Beta-defensin 2, Skin-antimicrobial peptide 1, BD-2, hBD-2, SAP1

2 Images

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Defensin/BD-2 antibody (AB63982)

IHC-P

Unknown

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Defensin/BD-2 antibody (AB63982)

ab63982 (1/500) staining beta 2 Defensin/BD-2 in human tonsil using an automated system (DAKO Autostainer Plus). Using this protocol there is strong cytoplasmic staining of a small population of cells within the tonsillar tissue.
Sections were rehydrated and antigen retrieved with the Dako 3 in 1 AR buffer EDTA pH 9.0 in a DAKO PT link. Slides were peroxidase blocked in 3% H2O2 in methanol for 10 mins. They were then blocked with Dako Protein block for 10 minutes (containing casein 0.25% in PBS) then incubated with primary antibody for 20 min and detected with Dako envision flex amplification kit for 30 minutes. Colorimetric detection was completed with Diaminobenzidine for 5 minutes. Slides were counterstained with Haematoxylin and coverslipped under DePeX. Please note that, for manual staining, optimization of primary antibody concentration and incubation time is recommended. Signal amplification may be required.

IHC-P

AbReview21095****

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Defensin/BD-2 antibody (AB63982)

ab63982 staining beta 2 Defensin/BD-2 in human pancreatic tissue by Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections). Tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and a heat mediated antigen retrieval step was performed. Samples were then incubated with the primary antibody at a 1/500 dilution for 1 hour at 25°C. An undiluted HRP-conjugated goat polyclonal was used as secondary antibody.

Image courtesy of Dr Ilka Werner-Martini by Abreview.

Key facts

Host species

Rabbit

Clonality

Polyclonal

Isotype

IgG

Carrier free

Reacts with

Human

Applications

IHC-P

applications

Immunogen

The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

Specificity

Human 7 kDa beta 2 Defensin / hBD-2.

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Reactivity data

{ "title": "Reactivity Data", "filters": { "stats": ["", "Species", "Dilution Info", "Notes"], "tabs": { "all-applications": {"fullname" : "All Applications", "shortname": "All Applications"}, "IHCP" : {"fullname" : "Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections)", "shortname":"IHC-P"} }, "product-promise": { "all": "all", "testedAndGuaranteed": "tested", "guaranteed": "expected", "predicted": "predicted", "notRecommended": "not-recommended" } }, "values": { "Human": { "IHCP-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "IHCP-species-dilution-info": "1/500", "IHCP-species-notes": "<p></p> Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval before commencing with IHC staining protocol." } } }

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Properties and storage information

Form

Liquid

Purity

Whole antiserum

Shipped at conditions

Blue Ice

Appropriate short-term storage duration

1-2 weeks

Appropriate short-term storage conditions

+4°C

Appropriate long-term storage conditions

-20°C

Aliquoting information

Upon delivery aliquot

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Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Beta 2 defensin also known as BD-2 or beta-defensin 2 is a small antimicrobial peptide with a molecular mass of about 4.6 kDa. It plays an important role in the innate immune response by disrupting microbial membranes. BD-2 is expressed in epithelial cells making it important for creating a protective barrier in the skin respiratory tract and urogenital tract. This peptide acts directly against bacteria fungi and some viruses helping to maintain microbial homeostasis in these areas.

Biological function summary

Beta 2 defensin serves as a critical component of host defense mechanisms. It not only shows antimicrobial properties but also influences inflammatory processes. BD-2 interacts with immune cells recruiting and activating them for enhanced defense response. Presently there is no evidence of beta 2 defensin being part of a larger protein complex focusing its function on immediate immune response and cellular signaling in areas it is expressed.

Pathways

Beta 2 defensin engages in critical pathways of immune protection. It is part of the toll-like receptor signaling pathway and engages the NF-kB pathway. These pathways are essential for activating immune responses when pathogens are recognized. Additionally beta 2 defensin interacts with other defensins and related antimicrobial peptides to mount an effective immune response coordinating with various cytokines and chemokines to balance protective actions.

Beta 2 defensin has connections to inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. It has a potential link to psoriasis where its expression levels are increased serving both protective and inflammatory roles. BD-2 is also investigated in cystic fibrosis where its impaired function can contribute to chronic lung infections. In these conditions the altered balance of BD-2 associates it with proteins involved in immune dysregulation contributing to the pathophysiology of these disorders.

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Product protocols

For this product, it's our understanding that no specific protocols are required. You can visit:

Visit the General protocols
Visit the Troubleshooting

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Target data

Exhibits antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, with highest activity against Gram-negative bacteria (PubMed : 10837369, PubMed : 9202117). Antimicrobial activity against P.aruginosa seems to be salt-sensitive and is reduced with high salt concentrations greater than 25 mM (PubMed : 10837369). Also exhibits antimicrobial activity against the yeast C.albicans (PubMed : 10837369, PubMed : 30050988, PubMed : 9202117). Permeabilizes C.albicans cell membranes via targeting plasma membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), thereby leading to cell fragmentation and cell death (PubMed : 30050988). Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR6 (PubMed : 10521347, PubMed : 20068036). Binds to CCR6 and induces chemotactic activity of CCR6-expressing cells, such as immature dendritic cells and memory T cells (PubMed : 10521347, PubMed : 20068036).

See full target information DEFB4A

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Publications (24)

Recent publications for all applications. Explore the full list and refine your search

Scientific reports 13:16013 PubMed37749125

2023

Tension as a key factor in skin responses to pollution.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Erika Pambianchi,Zachary Hagenberg,Alessandra Pecorelli,Arianna Pasqui,Jean-Philippe Therrien,Giuseppe Valacchi

Polish journal of veterinary sciences 25:237-248 PubMed35861957

2022

Expression of anti-inflammatory markers IL-2, IL-10, TGF-β1, βDEF-2, βDEF-3 and Cathelicidin LL37 in dairy cattle milk with different health status of the udder.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

K Šerstņova,M Pilmane,Z Vitenberga-Verza,I Melderis,Ł Gontar,M Kochański,A Drutowska,G Maróti,B Prieto-Simón

Nature communications 13:1076 PubMed35228537

2022

HPV infection alters vaginal microbiome through down-regulating host mucosal innate peptides used by Lactobacilli as amino acid sources.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Alizee Lebeau,Diane Bruyere,Patrick Roncarati,Paul Peixoto,Eric Hervouet,Gael Cobraiville,Bernard Taminiau,Murielle Masson,Carmen Gallego,Gabriel Mazzucchelli,Nicolas Smargiasso,Maximilien Fleron,Dominique Baiwir,Elodie Hendrick,Charlotte Pilard,Thomas Lerho,Celia Reynders,Marie Ancion,Roland Greimers,Jean-Claude Twizere,Georges Daube,Geraldine Schlecht-Louf,Françoise Bachelerie,Jean-Damien Combes,Pierrette Melin,Marianne Fillet,Philippe Delvenne,Pascale Hubert,Michael Herfs

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 36:462-471 PubMed34724272

2021

Primary alterations during the development of hidradenitis suppurativa.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Z Dajnoki,O Somogyi,B Medgyesi,A Jenei,L Szabó,K Gáspár,Z Hendrik,P Gergely,D Imre,S Póliska,D Törőcsik,C C Zouboulis,E P Prens,A Kapitány,A Szegedi

Redox biology 41:101952 PubMed33839421

2021

Cutaneous antimicrobial peptides: New "actors" in pollution related inflammatory conditions.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Brittany Woodby,Erika Pambianchi,Francesca Ferrara,Jean-Philippe Therrien,Alessandra Pecorelli,Nicolo' Messano,Mary Ann Lila,Giuseppe Valacchi

International journal of cosmetic science : PubMed33469935

2021

Reproducing the scalp microbiota community: co-colonization of a 3D reconstructed human epidermis with C. acnes and M. restricta.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Marisa Meloni,Silvia Balzaretti,Nathalie Collard,Stephane Desaint,Celine Laperdrix

Biotechnic & histochemistry : official publication of the Biological Stain Commission 95:634-640 PubMed32551953

2020

Copy number variation, gene expression and histological localization of human beta-defensin 2 in patients with adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Fulvio Celsi,Luisa Zupin,Emmanouil Athanasakis,Eva Orzan,Domenico Leonardo Grasso,Sergio Crovella

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 34:846-861 PubMed31838778

2020

Alterations in innate immunity and epithelial cell differentiation are the molecular pillars of hidradenitis suppurativa.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

C C Zouboulis,A Nogueira da Costa,E Makrantonaki,X X Hou,D Almansouri,J T Dudley,H Edwards,B Readhead,O Balthasar,G B E Jemec,N G Bonitsis,G Nikolakis,D Trebing,K C Zouboulis,A M Hossini

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 33:2340-2348 PubMed31299116

2019

Cutibacterium acnes phylotypes diversity loss: a trigger for skin inflammatory process.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

M-A Dagnelie,S Corvec,M Saint-Jean,J-M Nguyen,A Khammari,B Dréno

Journal of immunology research 2019:2121095 PubMed31275998

2019

TLR4 Agonist Monophosphoryl Lipid A Alleviated Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Jiaming Guo,Zhe Liu,Danfeng Zhang,Yuanyuan Chen,Hongran Qin,Tingting Liu,Cong Liu,Jianguo Cui,Bailong Li,Yanyong Yang,Jianming Cai,Fu Gao

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Product promise

We are committed to supporting your work with high-quality reagents, and we're here for you every step of the way. In the unlikely event that one of our products does not perform as expected, you're protected by our Product Promise.

For full details, please see our Terms & Conditions

Please note: All products are 'FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR USE IN DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES'.

For licensing inquiries, please contact partnerships@abcam.com

Anti-beta 2 Defensin/BD-2 antibody

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Defensin/BD-2 antibody (AB63982)

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Defensin/BD-2 antibody (AB63982)

Key facts

Host species

Clonality

Isotype

Carrier free

Reacts with

Applications

Immunogen

Specificity

Alternative Products

Primary Antibodies

Primary Antibodies

Primary Antibodies

Primary Antibodies

Primary Antibodies

Complementary Products

Primary Antibodies

Primary Antibodies

Secondary Antibodies

Primary Antibodies

Reactivity data

Properties and storage information

Form

Purity

Shipped at conditions

Appropriate short-term storage duration

Appropriate short-term storage conditions

Appropriate long-term storage conditions

Aliquoting information

Supplementary information

Biological function summary

Pathways

Product protocols

Target data

Publications (24)

Product promise