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AB218230

Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214]

  • RabMAb
  • Recombinant
  • KO Validated
  • 20ul selling size
  • What is this?

4

(2 Reviews)

|

(11 Publications)

Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230) is a rabbit monoclonal antibody detecting beta 2 Microglobulin in Western Blot, Flow Cytometry (Intra), IP, IHC-P. Suitable for Human, Mouse, Rat.

- KO validated for confirmed specificity
- Biophysical QC for unrivalled batch-batch consistency

View Alternative Names

CDABP0092, HDCMA22P, B2M, Beta-2-microglobulin

8 Images
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230)
  • IHC-P

Unknown

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human spleen tissue labeling beta 2 Microglobulin with ab218230 at 1/4000 dilution, followed by a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) secondary antibody. Positive staining on endothelial cells of human spleen is observed. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control : Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP).

Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230)
  • Flow Cyt (Intra)

Unknown

Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230)

Intracellular flow cytometric analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 90% methanol permeabilized HepG2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line) cell line labeling beta 2 Microglobulinwith ab218230 at 1/500 dilution (red) compared with a Rabbit monoclonal IgG - Isotype control (ab172730) (black) and an unlabeled control cells incubatedwith secondary antibody only) (blue). Goat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488, ab150077), at 1/2000 dilution was used as the secondary antibody.

Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230)
  • Flow Cyt (Intra)

Unknown

Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230)

Intracellular flow cytometric analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 90% methanol permeabilized HeLa (human epithelial cell line from cervix adenocarcinoma) cell line labeling beta 2 Microglobulinwith ab218230 at 1/50 dilution (red) compared with a Rabbit monoclonal IgG - Isotype control (ab172730) (black) and an unlabeled control (cells incubatedwith secondary antibody only) (blue). Goat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488, ab150077), at 1/2000 dilution was used as the secondary antibody.

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230)
  • IHC-P

Unknown

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue labeling beta 2 Microglobulin with ab218230 at 1/4000 dilution, followed by a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) secondary antibody. Positive staining on endothelial cells of human kidney is observed. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control : Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP).

Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Immunoprecipitation - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230)
  • IP

Unknown

Immunoprecipitation - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230)

Beta 2 Microglobulin was immunoprecipitated from 0.35 mg HeLa (human epithelial cell line from cervix adenocarcinoma) whole cell lysate with ab218230 at 1/30 dilution. Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using ab218230 at 1/1000 dilution. VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) (ab131366), was used for detection at 1/5000 dilution.

Lane 1 : HeLa whole cell lysate 10 μg (Input).
Lane 2 : ab218230 IP in HeLa whole cell lysate (+).
Lane 3 : Rabbit monoclonal IgG (ab172730) instead of ab218230 in HeLa whole cell lysate (-).

Blocking/Dilution buffer and concentration : 5% NFDM/TBST.
Exposure time : 3 minutes.

All lanes:

Immunoprecipitation - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230)

Predicted band size: 14 kDa

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Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230)
  • WB

Unknown

Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230)

Blocking/diluting buffer and concentration : 5% NFDM/TBST.

Exposure times : Lane 1 : 6 seconds; Lane 2-3 : 37 seconds : Lane 4-7 : 48 seconds; Lane 8-11 : 3 minutes.

Lanes 4-11 : This blot was developed using a higher sensitive ECL substrate.

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230) at 1/1000 dilution

Lane 1:

HeLa (human epithelial cell line from cervix adenocarcinoma) cell lysate at 10 µg

Lane 2:

Jurkat (human T cell leukemia T lymphocyte), whole cell lysate at 10 µg

Lane 3:

HepG2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line) cell lysate at 10 µg

Lane 4:

Mouse serum at 10 µg

Lane 5:

Mouse plasma at 10 µg

Lane 6:

Rat serum at 10 µg

Lane 7:

Rat plasma at 10 µg

Lane 8:

Human plasma at 10 µg

Lane 9:

Human skin lysate at 10 µg

Lane 10:

Human kidney lysate at 10 µg

Lane 11:

Human liver lysate at 10 µg

Secondary

Lanes 1 - 3:

Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (<a href='/en-us/products/secondary-antibodies/goat-rabbit-igg-h-l-hrp-ab97051'>ab97051</a>) at 1/20000 dilution

Lanes 4 - 11:

Western blot - VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) (<a href='/en-us/products/reagents/veriblot-for-ip-detection-reagent-hrp-ab131366'>ab131366</a>) at 1/1000 dilution

Predicted band size: 14 kDa

false

Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230)
  • WB

Lab

Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230)

False colour image of Western blot : Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] staining at 1/1000 dilution, shown in green; Mouse anti-Alpha Tubulin [DM1A] (ab7291) loading control staining at 1/20000 dilution, shown in red. In Western blot, ab218230 was shown to bind specifically to beta 2 Microglobulin. A band was observed at 12 kDa in wild-type HEK-293T cell lysates with no signal observed at this size in B2M knockout cell line ab266828 (knockout cell lysate ab256845). To generate this image, wild-type and B2M knockout HEK-293T cell lysates were analysed. First, samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in fluorescent western blot (TBS-based) blocking solution before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged.Secondary antibodies used were Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preabsorbed (ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preabsorbed (ab216776) at 1/20000 dilution.

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230) at 1/1000 dilution

Lane 1:

Wild-type HEK-293T cell lysate at 20 µg

Lane 2:

B2M knockout HEK-293T cell lysate at 20 µg

Lane 2:

Western blot - Human B2M (beta 2 Microglobulin) knockout HEK-293T cell line (<a href='/en-us/products/cell-lines/human-b2m-beta-2-microglobulin-knockout-hek-293t-cell-line-ab266828'>ab266828</a>)

Lane 3:

Wild-type A431 cell lysate at 20 µg

Lane 4:

B2M knockout A431 cell lysate at 20 µg

Predicted band size: 14 kDa

Observed band size: 12 kDa

false

Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230)
  • WB

Lab

Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230)

Lanes 1-4 : Merged signal (red and green). Green - ab218230 observed at 14 kDa. Red - loading control ab8245 observed at 36 kDa.

ab218230 Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] was shown to specifically react with beta 2 Microglobulin in wild-type HepG2 cells. Loss of signal was observed when knockout cell line ab262325 (knockout cell lysate ab256846) was used. Wild-type and beta 2 Microglobulin knockout samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE. ab218230 and Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control (ab8245) were incubated overnight at 4°C at 1 in 500 dilution and 1 in 20000 dilution respectively. Blots were developed with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed (ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed (ab216776) secondary antibodies at 1 in 20000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature before imaging.

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230) at 1/500 dilution

Lane 1:

Wild-type HepG2 cell lysate at 20 µg

Lane 2:

B2M knockout HepG2 cell lysate at 20 µg

Lane 2:

Western blot - Human B2M (beta 2 Microglobulin) knockout Hep G2 cell line (<a href='/en-us/products/cell-lines/human-b2m-beta-2-microglobulin-knockout-hep-g2-cell-line-ab262325'>ab262325</a>)

Lane 3:

HeLa cell lysate at 20 µg

Lane 4:

Jurkat cell lysate at 20 µg

Secondary

All lanes:

Western blot - Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed (<a href='/en-us/products/secondary-antibodies/goat-rabbit-igg-h-l-irdye-800cw-preadsorbed-ab216773'>ab216773</a>) at 1/10000 dilution

Predicted band size: 14 kDa

Observed band size: 14 kDa

false

  • Carrier free

    Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free

Key facts

Host species

Rabbit

Clonality

Monoclonal

Clone number

EPR21752-214

Isotype

IgG

Carrier free

No

Reacts with

Mouse, Rat, Human

Applications

WB, Flow Cyt (Intra), IHC-P, IP

applications

Immunogen

The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

Reactivity data

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Product details

What is this antibody validated in?
Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230) is a rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody and is validated for use in Western Blot (WB), Flow Cytometry (Intra), Flow Cytometry (Flow Cyt), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P) in Human, Mouse, Rat samples.

What is the molecular weight of beta 2 Microglobulin?
Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin [EPR21752-214] (ab218230) specifically detects a band for beta 2 Microglobulin (UniProt: P61769) at a molecular weight of 14kDa.

Trial sizes available!
Test your antibody or perform pre-screening before committing to a larger quantity. Sold in 10µl. Discover our selection of trial-size antibodies.

Specificity confirmed
The specificity of Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230) has been confirmed by Western blot testing in B2M Knockout HEPG2 cell line, ab266828.

Other related products
We have a range of other formats of antibody clone [EPR21752-214] also available for your convenience: ab218230, Carrier free - ab237032

Patented technology
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.

What are the advantages of a recombinant monoclonal antibody?
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

  • - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
  • - Improved sensitivity and specificity
  • - Long-term security of supply
  • - Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Properties and storage information

Form
Liquid
Purification technique
Affinity purification Protein A
Storage buffer
pH: 7.2 - 7.4 Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide Constituents: PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage duration
1-2 weeks
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
Aliquoting information
Upon delivery aliquot
Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Beta-2-Microglobulin (B2M) is a component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC I) and plays an important role in presenting peptides to the immune system. B2M weighs approximately 11.8 kDa and is found abundantly in all nucleated cells. It has alternate names such as B2 microglobulin or beta-2-microglobulin. This protein is present in the cell membrane as a part of the MHC I which is important for immune surveillance. Additionally B2M is detectable in various biological fluids including serum and its levels can reflect physiological and pathological states.
Biological function summary

Beta-2-microglobulin is important for the stability and transport of MHC class I molecules to the cell surface. As part of the MHC class I complex B2M assists in binding peptides allowing immune cells to identify and target pathogen-infected cells. Without B2M the MHC class I molecules are not properly expressed on the cell surface disrupting immune recognition. In laboratory settings researchers often use anti-beta-2-microglobulin antibodies to investigate its role in MHC class I function.

Pathways

Beta-2-microglobulin interacts significantly with the immune system most notably in the antigen processing and presentation pathway. It works alongside proteins such as the heavy chain of MHC class I. B2M is important in the pathway that involves the transport of antigens to the endoplasmic reticulum where they are loaded onto MHC class I molecules for inspection by cytotoxic T cells. Another related pathway is the tapasin-mediated processing of antigen peptides highlighting the indispensable role of B2M in immune response regulation.

Beta-2-microglobulin is associated with conditions such as beta-2-microglobulin amyloidosis and certain lymphoproliferative disorders. Elevated levels of B2M in serum serve as a marker for diseases like multiple myeloma where the protein level correlates with disease severity. B2M-related amyloidosis frequently occurs in patients undergoing long-term dialysis where amyloid deposits accumulate in tissues. Linking B2M to immune system dysfunction studies have shown interactions with other proteins including components of the immune system like HLA-A and HLA-B highlighting B2M's relevance in diagnosing and understanding these conditions.

Product protocols

For this product, it's our understanding that no specific protocols are required. You can visit:

Target data

Component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system. Exogenously applied M.tuberculosis EsxA or EsxA-EsxB (or EsxA expressed in host) binds B2M and decreases its export to the cell surface (total protein levels do not change), probably leading to defects in class I antigen presentation (PubMed : 25356553).
See full target information B2M

Publications (11)

Recent publications for all applications. Explore the full list and refine your search

Cell reports. Medicine 6:102076 PubMed40239619

2025

Evolution of the tumor immune landscape during treatment with tebentafusp, a T cell receptor-CD3 bispecific.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Joseph J Sacco,Peter Kirk,Emma Leach,Alexander N Shoushtari,Richard D Carvajal,Camille Britton-Rivet,Sophie Khakoo,Laura Collins,Luis de la Cruz-Merino,Zeynep Eroglu,Alexandra P Ikeguchi,Paul Nathan,Omid Hamid,Marcus O Butler,Sarah Stanhope,Koustubh Ranade,Takami Sato

The Journal of clinical investigation 134: PubMed38426503

2024

Autophagy differentially regulates tissue tolerance of distinct target organs in graft-versus-host disease models.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Katherine Oravecz-Wilson,Emma Lauder,Austin Taylor,Laure Maneix,Jeanine L Van Nostrand,Yaping Sun,Lu Li,Dongchang Zhao,Chen Liu,Pavan Reddy

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 12: PubMed38272563

2024

Multimodal profiling of chordoma immunity reveals distinct immune contextures.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Siddh van Oost,Debora M Meijer,Marieke E Ijsselsteijn,Jessica P Roelands,Brendy E M W van den Akker,Ruud van der Breggen,Inge H Briaire-de Bruijn,Manon van der Ploeg,Pauline M Wijers-Koster,Samuel B Polak,Wilco C Peul,Robert J P van der Wal,Noel F C C de Miranda,Judith V M G Bovee

Genes 14: PubMed37628607

2023

TRIM25 Suppresses Rabies Virus Fixed HEP-Flury Strain Production by Activating RIG-1-Mediated Type I Interferons.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Boyue Zhang,Ting Cai,Hongling He,Xuezhe Huang,Yongwen Luo,Shile Huang,Jun Luo,Xiaofeng Guo

Nature communications 14:2041 PubMed37041154

2023

Targeting advanced prostate cancer with STEAP1 chimeric antigen receptor T cell and tumor-localized IL-12 immunotherapy.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Vipul Bhatia,Nikhil V Kamat,Tiffany E Pariva,Li-Ting Wu,Annabelle Tsao,Koichi Sasaki,Huiyun Sun,Gerardo Javier,Sam Nutt,Ilsa Coleman,Lauren Hitchcock,Ailin Zhang,Dmytro Rudoy,Roman Gulati,Radhika A Patel,Martine P Roudier,Lawrence D True,Shivani Srivastava,Colm M Morrissey,Michael C Haffner,Peter S Nelson,Saul J Priceman,Jun Ishihara,John K Lee

Clinical & translational immunology 11:e1430 PubMed36452477

2022

Epigenetic modulation enhances immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Yan Li,Young K Hong,Xingtong Wang,Harshul Pandit,Qianqian Zheng,Youxi Yu,Xiaoju Shi,Yujia Chen,Min Tan,Zachary Pulliam,Neal Bhutiani,Andrew Lin,Jeremy Badach,Ping Zhang,Robert Cg Martin

The Journal of clinical investigation 132: PubMed35230972

2022

Histone methyltransferase WHSC1 loss dampens MHC-I antigen presentation pathway to impair IFN-γ-stimulated antitumor immunity.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Jiale Ren,Ni Li,Siyu Pei,Yannan Lian,Li Li,Yuchong Peng,Qiuli Liu,Jiacheng Guo,Xuege Wang,Ying Han,Guoying Zhang,Hanling Wang,Yaqi Li,Jun Jiang,Qintong Li,Minjia Tan,Junjie Peng,Guohong Hu,Yichuan Xiao,Xiong Li,Moubin Lin,Jun Qin

Immunity 55:308-323.e9 PubMed34800368

2021

Type I interferon activates MHC class I-dressed CD11b conventional dendritic cells to promote protective anti-tumor CD8 T cell immunity.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Ellen Duong,Tim B Fessenden,Emi Lutz,Teresa Dinter,Leon Yim,Sarah Blatt,Arjun Bhutkar,Karl Dane Wittrup,Stefani Spranger

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 28:227-237 PubMed34667030

2021

Inactivation of AMPK Leads to Attenuation of Antigen Presentation and Immune Evasion in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Yajing Gao,Pekka Päivinen,Sushil Tripathi,Eva Domènech-Moreno,Iris P L Wong,Kari Vaahtomeri,Ashwini S Nagaraj,Sarang S Talwelkar,Marc Foretz,Emmy W Verschuren,Benoit Viollet,Yan Yan,Tomi P Mäkelä

International journal of molecular medicine 46:1501-1513 PubMed32700748

2020

An HNSCC syngeneic mouse model for tumor immunology research and preclinical evaluation.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

You Fu,Guocai Tian,Jiang Li,Zhiyuan Zhang,Ke Xu
View all publications

Product promise

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