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Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230) is a rabbit monoclonal antibody that is used to detect beta 2 Microglobulin in Western Blot, Flow Cytometry (Intra), Flow Cytometry, IP, IHC-P. Suitable for Human, Mouse, Rat samples.



- Specificity confirmed with beta 2 Microglobulin knockout cell line validation


Images

Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230), expandable thumbnail
  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230), expandable thumbnail
  • Immunoprecipitation - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230), expandable thumbnail
  • Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230), expandable thumbnail
  • Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (AB218230), expandable thumbnail

Publications

Key facts

Isotype
IgG
Host species
Rabbit
Storage buffer

pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA

Form
Liquid
Clonality
Monoclonal

Immunogen

  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

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Reactivity data

Select an application
Product promiseTestedExpectedPredictedNot recommended
IPWBFlow Cyt (Intra)IHC-P
Human
Tested
Tested
Tested
Tested
Mouse
Expected
Tested
Expected
Expected
Rat
Expected
Tested
Expected
Expected

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/30
Notes

Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Expected
Expected

Species
Mouse, Rat
Dilution info
Use at an assay dependent concentration.
Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species
Mouse
Dilution info
1/1000
Notes

-

Species
Rat
Dilution info
1/1000
Notes

-

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/1000
Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/50
Notes

-

Expected
Expected

Species
Mouse, Rat
Dilution info
Use at an assay dependent concentration.
Notes

-

Tested
Tested

Species
Human
Dilution info
1/4000
Notes

Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Expected
Expected

Species
Mouse, Rat
Dilution info
Use at an assay dependent concentration.
Notes

-

Associated Products

Select an associated product type

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Target data

Function

Component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system. Exogenously applied M.tuberculosis EsxA or EsxA-EsxB (or EsxA expressed in host) binds B2M and decreases its export to the cell surface (total protein levels do not change), probably leading to defects in class I antigen presentation (PubMed:25356553).

Alternative names

CDABP0092, HDCMA22P, B2M, Beta-2-microglobulin

Recommended products

Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230) is a rabbit monoclonal antibody that is used to detect beta 2 Microglobulin in Western Blot, Flow Cytometry (Intra), Flow Cytometry, IP, IHC-P. Suitable for Human, Mouse, Rat samples.



- Specificity confirmed with beta 2 Microglobulin knockout cell line validation

Key facts

Isotype
IgG
Form
Liquid
Clonality
Monoclonal
Immunogen
  • The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.
Clone number
EPR21752-214
Purification technique
Affinity purification Protein A
Concentration
Loading...

Storage

Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage duration
1-2 weeks
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
Aliquoting information
Upon delivery aliquot
Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Notes

What is this antibody validated in?


Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230) is a rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody and is validated for use in Western Blot (WB), Flow Cytometry (Intra), Flow Cytometry (Flow Cyt), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P), in Human, Mouse, Rat samples.

What is the molecular weight of beta 2 Microglobulin?


Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin [EPR21752-214] (ab218230) specifically detects a band for beta 2 Microglobulin (UniProt: P61769) at a molecular weight of 14kDa.

Recommended positive controls


WB: HeLa, Jurkat and HepG2 cell lysate; Mouse serum and plasma; Rat serum and plasma; Human plasma; Human skin, kidney and liver lysate, Wild-type HEK-293T cell lysate.IHC-P: Human spleen and kidney tissue.Flow Cyt (intra): HeLa and HepG2 cells.IP: HeLa cell lysate.

Trial sizes available!


Test your antibody or perform pre-screening before committing to a larger quantity. Sold in 10µl. Discover our selection of trial-size antibodies. Specificity confirmed


The specificity of Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230) has been confirmed by Western blot testing in B2M Knockout HEPG2 cell line, Human B2M (beta 2 Microglobulin) knockout HEK-293T cell line ab266828.



Other related products


We have a range of other formats of antibody clone [EPR21752-214] also available for your convenience:
ab218230, Carrier free - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free ab237032



Patented technology
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.

What are the advantages of a recombinant monoclonal antibody?
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

  • - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
  • - Improved sensitivity and specificity
  • - Long-term security of supply
  • - Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Activity summary

Beta-2-Microglobulin (B2M) is a component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC I) and plays an important role in presenting peptides to the immune system. B2M weighs approximately 11.8 kDa and is found abundantly in all nucleated cells. It has alternate names such as B2 microglobulin or beta-2-microglobulin. This protein is present in the cell membrane as a part of the MHC I which is important for immune surveillance. Additionally B2M is detectable in various biological fluids including serum and its levels can reflect physiological and pathological states.

Biological function summary

Beta-2-microglobulin is important for the stability and transport of MHC class I molecules to the cell surface. As part of the MHC class I complex B2M assists in binding peptides allowing immune cells to identify and target pathogen-infected cells. Without B2M the MHC class I molecules are not properly expressed on the cell surface disrupting immune recognition. In laboratory settings researchers often use anti-beta-2-microglobulin antibodies to investigate its role in MHC class I function.

Pathways

Beta-2-microglobulin interacts significantly with the immune system most notably in the antigen processing and presentation pathway. It works alongside proteins such as the heavy chain of MHC class I. B2M is important in the pathway that involves the transport of antigens to the endoplasmic reticulum where they are loaded onto MHC class I molecules for inspection by cytotoxic T cells. Another related pathway is the tapasin-mediated processing of antigen peptides highlighting the indispensable role of B2M in immune response regulation.

Associated diseases and disorders

Beta-2-microglobulin is associated with conditions such as beta-2-microglobulin amyloidosis and certain lymphoproliferative disorders. Elevated levels of B2M in serum serve as a marker for diseases like multiple myeloma where the protein level correlates with disease severity. B2M-related amyloidosis frequently occurs in patients undergoing long-term dialysis where amyloid deposits accumulate in tissues. Linking B2M to immune system dysfunction studies have shown interactions with other proteins including components of the immune system like HLA-A and HLA-B highlighting B2M's relevance in diagnosing and understanding these conditions.

Product promise

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In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.

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8 product images

  • Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230)

    Lanes 1-4: Merged signal (red and green). Green - ab218230 observed at 14 kDa. Red - loading control Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control ab8245 observed at 36 kDa.

    ab218230 Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] was shown to specifically react with beta 2 Microglobulin in wild-type HepG2 cells. Loss of signal was observed when knockout cell line Human B2M (beta 2 Microglobulin) knockout Hep G2 cell line ab262325 (knockout cell lysate Human B2M (beta 2 Microglobulin) knockout Hep G2 cell lysate ab256846) was used. Wild-type and beta 2 Microglobulin knockout samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE. ab218230 and Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control (Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control ab8245) were incubated overnight at 4°C at 1 in 500 dilution and 1 in 20000 dilution respectively. Blots were developed with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776) secondary antibodies at 1 in 20000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature before imaging.

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230) at 1/500 dilution

    Lane 1: Wild-type HepG2 cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: B2M knockout HepG2 cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 3: HeLa cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 4: Jurkat cell lysate at 20 µg

    Secondary

    All lanes: Western blot - Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) at 1/10000 dilution

    Predicted band size: 14 kDa

    Observed band size: 14 kDa

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230), expandable thumbnail

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230)

    Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue labeling beta 2 Microglobulin with ab218230 at 1/4000 dilution, followed by a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) secondary antibody. Positive staining on endothelial cells of human kidney is observed. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
    Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP).

    Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

  • Immunoprecipitation - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230), expandable thumbnail

    Immunoprecipitation - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230)

    Beta 2 Microglobulin was immunoprecipitated from 0.35 mg HeLa (human epithelial cell line from cervix adenocarcinoma) whole cell lysate with ab218230 at 1/30 dilution. Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using ab218230 at 1/1000 dilution. VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) (VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) ab131366), was used for detection at 1/5000 dilution.


    Lane 1: HeLa whole cell lysate 10 μg (Input).
    Lane 2: ab218230 IP in HeLa whole cell lysate (+).
    Lane 3: Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) instead of ab218230 in HeLa whole cell lysate (-).


    Blocking/Dilution buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM/TBST.
    Exposure time: 3 minutes.

    All lanes: Immunoprecipitation - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230)

    Predicted band size: 14 kDa

  • Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230), expandable thumbnail

    Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230)

    Intracellular flow cytometric analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 90% methanol permeabilized HepG2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line) cell line labeling beta 2 Microglobulinwith ab218230 at 1/500 dilution (red) compared with a Rabbit monoclonal IgG - Isotype control (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) (black) and an unlabeled control cells incubatedwith secondary antibody only) (blue). Goat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077), at 1/2000 dilution was used as the secondary antibody.

  • Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230)

    False colour image of Western blot: Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] staining at 1/1000 dilution, shown in green; Mouse anti-Alpha Tubulin [DM1A] (Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291) loading control staining at 1/20000 dilution, shown in red. In Western blot, ab218230 was shown to bind specifically to beta 2 Microglobulin. A band was observed at 12 kDa in wild-type HEK-293T cell lysates with no signal observed at this size in B2M knockout cell line Human B2M (beta 2 Microglobulin) knockout HEK-293T cell line ab266828 (knockout cell lysate Human B2M (beta 2 Microglobulin) knockout HEK-293T cell lysate ab256845). To generate this image, wild-type and B2M knockout HEK-293T cell lysates were analysed. First, samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in fluorescent western blot (TBS-based) blocking solution before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged.Secondary antibodies used were Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preabsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preabsorbed (Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776) at 1/20000 dilution.

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230) at 1/1000 dilution

    Lane 1: Wild-type HEK-293T cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: B2M knockout HEK-293T cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 2: Western blot - Human B2M (beta 2 Microglobulin) knockout HEK-293T cell line (Human B2M (beta 2 Microglobulin) knockout HEK-293T cell line ab266828)

    Lane 3: Wild-type A431 cell lysate at 20 µg

    Lane 4: B2M knockout A431 cell lysate at 20 µg

    Performed under reducing conditions.

    Predicted band size: 14 kDa

    Observed band size: 12 kDa

  • Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230), expandable thumbnail

    Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230)

    Blocking/diluting buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM/TBST.

    Exposure times: Lane 1: 6 seconds; Lane 2-3: 37 seconds: Lane 4-7: 48 seconds; Lane 8-11: 3 minutes.

    Lanes 4-11: This blot was developed using a higher sensitive ECL substrate.

    All lanes: Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230) at 1/1000 dilution

    Lane 1: HeLa (human epithelial cell line from cervix adenocarcinoma) cell lysate at 10 µg

    Lane 2: Jurkat (human T cell leukemia T lymphocyte), whole cell lysate at 10 µg

    Lane 3: HepG2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line) cell lysate at 10 µg

    Lane 4: Mouse serum at 10 µg

    Lane 5: Mouse plasma at 10 µg

    Lane 6: Rat serum at 10 µg

    Lane 7: Rat plasma at 10 µg

    Lane 8: Human plasma at 10 µg

    Lane 9: Human skin lysate at 10 µg

    Lane 10: Human kidney lysate at 10 µg

    Lane 11: Human liver lysate at 10 µg

    Secondary

    Lanes 1 - 3: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/20000 dilution

    Lanes 4 - 11: Western blot - VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) (VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) ab131366) at 1/1000 dilution

    Predicted band size: 14 kDa

  • Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230), expandable thumbnail

    Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230)

    Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human spleen tissue labeling beta 2 Microglobulin with ab218230 at 1/4000 dilution, followed by a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) secondary antibody. Positive staining on endothelial cells of human spleen is observed. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
    Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP).

    Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

  • Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230), expandable thumbnail

    Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (ab218230)

    Intracellular flow cytometric analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 90% methanol permeabilized HeLa (human epithelial cell line from cervix adenocarcinoma) cell line labeling beta 2 Microglobulinwith ab218230 at 1/50 dilution (red) compared with a Rabbit monoclonal IgG - Isotype control (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) (black) and an unlabeled control (cells incubatedwith secondary antibody only) (blue). Goat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077), at 1/2000 dilution was used as the secondary antibody.

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