AB237032

Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free

RabMAb
Recombinant
KO Validated
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(1 Publication)

Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal beta 2 Microglobulin antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for IP, WB, Flow Cyt (Intra), IHC-P and reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat samples. Cited in 1 publication.

View Alternative Names

CDABP0092, HDCMA22P, B2M, Beta-2-microglobulin

7 Images

Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free (AB237032)

Flow Cyt (Intra)

Unknown

Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free (AB237032)

Intracellular flow cytometric analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 90% methanol permeabilized HeLa (human epithelial cell line from cervix adenocarcinoma) cell line labeling beta 2 Microglobulin with ab218230 at 1/50 dilution (red) compared with a Rabbit monoclonal IgG - Isotype control (ab172730) (black) and an unlabeled control (cells incubated with secondary antibody only) (blue). Goat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor^® 488, ab150077), at 1/2000 dilution was used as the secondary antibody.

This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab218230).

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free (AB237032)

IHC-P

Unknown

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free (AB237032)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue labeling beta 2 Microglobulin with ab218230 at 1/4000 dilution, followed by a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) secondary antibody. Positive staining on endothelial cells of human kidney is observed. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control : Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP).

This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab218230).

Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free (AB237032)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human spleen tissue labeling beta 2 Microglobulin with ab218230 at 1/4000 dilution, followed by a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) secondary antibody. Positive staining on endothelial cells of human spleen is observed. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control : Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP).

This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab218230).

Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.

Flow Cyt (Intra)

Unknown

Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free (AB237032)

Intracellular flow cytometric analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 90% methanol permeabilized HepG2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line) cell line labeling beta 2 Microglobulin with ab218230 at 1/500 dilution (red) compared with a Rabbit monoclonal IgG - Isotype control (ab172730) (black) and an unlabeled control cells incubated with secondary antibody only) (blue). Goat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor^® 488, ab150077), at 1/2000 dilution was used as the secondary antibody.

This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab218230).

Unknown

Immunoprecipitation - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free (AB237032)

Beta 2 Microglobulin was immunoprecipitated from 0.35 mg HeLa (human epithelial cell line from cervix adenocarcinoma) whole cell lysate with ab218230 at 1/30 dilution. Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using ab218230 at 1/1000 dilution. VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) (ab131366), was used for detection at 1/5000 dilution.

Lane 1 : HeLa whole cell lysate 10 μg (Input).
Lane 2 : ab218230 IP in HeLa whole cell lysate (+).
Lane 3 : Rabbit monoclonal IgG (ab172730) instead of ab218230 in HeLa whole cell lysate (-).

Blocking/Dilution buffer and concentration : 5% NFDM/TBST.
Exposure time : 3 minutes.

This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (ab218230).

All lanes:

Immunoprecipitation - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/beta-2-microglobulin-antibody-epr21752-214-ab218230'>ab218230</a>)

Predicted band size: 14 kDa

false

Lab

Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free (AB237032)

False colour image of Western blot : Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] staining at 1/1000 dilution, shown in green; Mouse anti-Alpha Tubulin [DM1A] (ab7291) loading control staining at 1/20000 dilution, shown in red. In Western blot, ab218230 was shown to bind specifically to beta 2 Microglobulin. A band was observed at 12 kDa in wild-type HEK-293T cell lysates with no signal observed at this size in B2M knockout cell line ab266828 (knockout cell lysate ab256845). To generate this image, wild-type and B2M knockout HEK-293T cell lysates were analysed. First, samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in fluorescent western blot (TBS-based) blocking solution before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged.Secondary antibodies used were Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye^® 800CW) preabsorbed (ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye^® 680RD) preabsorbed (ab216776) at 1/20000 dilution.

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/beta-2-microglobulin-antibody-epr21752-214-ab218230'>ab218230</a>) at 1/1000 dilution

Lane 1:

Wild-type HEK-293T cell lysate at 20 µg

Lane 2:

B2M knockout HEK-293T cell lysate at 20 µg

Lane 2:

Western blot - Human B2M (beta 2 Microglobulin) knockout HEK-293T cell line (<a href='/en-us/products/cell-lines/human-b2m-beta-2-microglobulin-knockout-hek-293t-cell-line-ab266828'>ab266828</a>)

Lane 3:

Wild-type A431 cell lysate at 20 µg

Lane 4:

B2M knockout A431 cell lysate at 20 µg

Predicted band size: 14 kDa

Observed band size: 12 kDa

false

Lab

Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free (AB237032)

This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation (ab218230).

Lanes 1-4 : Merged signal (red and green). Green - ab218230 observed at 14 kDa. Red - loading control ab8245 observed at 36 kDa.

ab218230 Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] was shown to specifically react with beta 2 Microglobulin in wild-type HepG2 cells. Loss of signal was observed when knockout cell line ab262325 (knockout cell lysate ab256846) was used. Wild-type and beta 2 Microglobulin knockout samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE. ab218230 and Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control (ab8245) were incubated overnight at 4°C at 1 in 500 dilution and 1 in 20000 dilution respectively. Blots were developed with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye^® 800CW) preadsorbed (ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye^® 680RD) preadsorbed (ab216776) secondary antibodies at 1 in 20000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature before imaging.

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (<a href='/en-us/products/primary-antibodies/beta-2-microglobulin-antibody-epr21752-214-ab218230'>ab218230</a>) at 1/500 dilution

Lane 1:

Wild-type HepG2 cell lysate at 20 µg

Lane 2:

B2M knockout HepG2 cell lysate at 20 µg

Lane 2:

Western blot - Human B2M (beta 2 Microglobulin) knockout Hep G2 cell line (<a href='/en-us/products/cell-lines/human-b2m-beta-2-microglobulin-knockout-hep-g2-cell-line-ab262325'>ab262325</a>)

Lane 3:

HeLa cell lysate at 20 µg

Lane 4:

Jurkat cell lysate at 20 µg

Secondary

All lanes:

Western blot - Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed (<a href='/en-us/products/secondary-antibodies/goat-rabbit-igg-h-l-irdye-800cw-preadsorbed-ab216773'>ab216773</a>) at 1/10000 dilution

Predicted band size: 14 kDa

Observed band size: 14 kDa

false

Unconjugated

Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214]

Key facts

Host species

Rabbit

Clonality

Monoclonal

Clone number

EPR21752-214

Isotype

IgG

Carrier free

Yes

Reacts with

Mouse, Rat, Human

Applications

WB, Flow Cyt (Intra), IHC-P, IP

applications

Immunogen

The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

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Reactivity data

{ "title": "Reactivity Data", "filters": { "stats": ["", "Species", "Dilution Info", "Notes"], "tabs": { "all-applications": {"fullname" : "All Applications", "shortname": "All Applications"}, "IP" : {"fullname" : "Immunoprecipitation", "shortname":"IP"}, "WB" : {"fullname" : "Western blot", "shortname":"WB"}, "FlowCytIntra" : {"fullname" : "Flow Cytometry (Intracellular)", "shortname":"Flow Cyt (Intra)"}, "IHCP" : {"fullname" : "Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections)", "shortname":"IHC-P"} }, "product-promise": { "all": "all", "testedAndGuaranteed": "tested", "guaranteed": "expected", "predicted": "predicted", "notRecommended": "not-recommended" } }, "values": { "Human": { "IP-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "IP-species-dilution-info": "", "IP-species-notes": "", "WB-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "WB-species-dilution-info": "", "WB-species-notes": "", "FlowCytIntra-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "FlowCytIntra-species-dilution-info": "", "FlowCytIntra-species-notes": "", "IHCP-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "IHCP-species-dilution-info": "", "IHCP-species-notes": "" }, "Mouse": { "IP-species-checked": "guaranteed", "IP-species-dilution-info": "", "IP-species-notes": "", "WB-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "WB-species-dilution-info": "", "WB-species-notes": "", "FlowCytIntra-species-checked": "guaranteed", "FlowCytIntra-species-dilution-info": "", "FlowCytIntra-species-notes": "", "IHCP-species-checked": "guaranteed", "IHCP-species-dilution-info": "", "IHCP-species-notes": "" }, "Rat": { "IP-species-checked": "guaranteed", "IP-species-dilution-info": "", "IP-species-notes": "", "WB-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "WB-species-dilution-info": "", "WB-species-notes": "", "FlowCytIntra-species-checked": "guaranteed", "FlowCytIntra-species-dilution-info": "", "FlowCytIntra-species-notes": "", "IHCP-species-checked": "guaranteed", "IHCP-species-dilution-info": "", "IHCP-species-notes": "" } } }

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Product details

ab237032 is the carrier-free version of ab218230.

Patented technology
Our RabMAb^® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb^® patents.

What are the advantages of a recombinant monoclonal antibody?
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

- High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
- Improved sensitivity and specificity
- Long-term security of supply
- Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Conjugation ready
Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications.

Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with 1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold.

Compatibility
This product is compatible with the Maxpar^® Antibody Labeling Kit from Fluidigm, without the need for antibody preparation. Maxpar^® is a trademark of Fluidigm Canada Inc.

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Properties and storage information

Form

Liquid

Purification technique

Affinity purification Protein A

Storage buffer

pH: 7.2 - 7.4 Constituents: PBS

Shipped at conditions

Blue Ice

Appropriate short-term storage conditions

+4°C

Appropriate long-term storage conditions

+4°C

Storage information

Do Not Freeze

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Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Beta-2-Microglobulin (B2M) is a component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC I) and plays an important role in presenting peptides to the immune system. B2M weighs approximately 11.8 kDa and is found abundantly in all nucleated cells. It has alternate names such as B2 microglobulin or beta-2-microglobulin. This protein is present in the cell membrane as a part of the MHC I which is important for immune surveillance. Additionally B2M is detectable in various biological fluids including serum and its levels can reflect physiological and pathological states.

Biological function summary

Beta-2-microglobulin is important for the stability and transport of MHC class I molecules to the cell surface. As part of the MHC class I complex B2M assists in binding peptides allowing immune cells to identify and target pathogen-infected cells. Without B2M the MHC class I molecules are not properly expressed on the cell surface disrupting immune recognition. In laboratory settings researchers often use anti-beta-2-microglobulin antibodies to investigate its role in MHC class I function.

Pathways

Beta-2-microglobulin interacts significantly with the immune system most notably in the antigen processing and presentation pathway. It works alongside proteins such as the heavy chain of MHC class I. B2M is important in the pathway that involves the transport of antigens to the endoplasmic reticulum where they are loaded onto MHC class I molecules for inspection by cytotoxic T cells. Another related pathway is the tapasin-mediated processing of antigen peptides highlighting the indispensable role of B2M in immune response regulation.

Beta-2-microglobulin is associated with conditions such as beta-2-microglobulin amyloidosis and certain lymphoproliferative disorders. Elevated levels of B2M in serum serve as a marker for diseases like multiple myeloma where the protein level correlates with disease severity. B2M-related amyloidosis frequently occurs in patients undergoing long-term dialysis where amyloid deposits accumulate in tissues. Linking B2M to immune system dysfunction studies have shown interactions with other proteins including components of the immune system like HLA-A and HLA-B highlighting B2M's relevance in diagnosing and understanding these conditions.

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Product protocols

For this product, it's our understanding that no specific protocols are required. You can visit:

Visit the General protocols
Visit the Troubleshooting

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Target data

Component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system. Exogenously applied M.tuberculosis EsxA or EsxA-EsxB (or EsxA expressed in host) binds B2M and decreases its export to the cell surface (total protein levels do not change), probably leading to defects in class I antigen presentation (PubMed : 25356553).

See full target information B2M

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Publications (1)

Recent publications for all applications. Explore the full list and refine your search

Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) 30:e13562 PubMed38279604

2024

Cosentyx alleviates psoriasis-induced podocyte injury by inhibiting the tlr/nf-κb signaling pathway.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Wang Aixue,Wei Feng,Zhang Huanhuan,M Xixing,L Yanling

View all publications

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Product promise

We are committed to supporting your work with high-quality reagents, and we're here for you every step of the way. In the unlikely event that one of our products does not perform as expected, you're protected by our Product Promise.

For full details, please see our Terms & Conditions

Please note: All products are 'FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR USE IN DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES'.

For licensing inquiries, please contact partnerships@abcam.com

Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free

Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free (AB237032)

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free (AB237032)

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free (AB237032)

Flow Cytometry (Intracellular) - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free (AB237032)

Immunoprecipitation - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free (AB237032)

Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free (AB237032)

Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] - BSA and Azide free (AB237032)

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Key facts

Host species

Clonality

Clone number

Isotype

Carrier free

Reacts with

Applications

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