Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal beta 2 Microglobulin antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for IP, WB, Flow Cyt (Intra), IHC-P and reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat samples.
IgG
Rabbit
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Constituents: PBS
Liquid
Monoclonal
IP | WB | Flow Cyt (Intra) | IHC-P | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Human | Tested | Tested | Tested | Tested |
Mouse | Expected | Tested | Expected | Expected |
Rat | Expected | Tested | Expected | Expected |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human, Mouse, Rat | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
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Component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system. Exogenously applied M.tuberculosis EsxA or EsxA-EsxB (or EsxA expressed in host) binds B2M and decreases its export to the cell surface (total protein levels do not change), probably leading to defects in class I antigen presentation (PubMed:25356553).
CDABP0092, HDCMA22P, CDABP0092, B2M, HDCMA22P, Beta-2-microglobulin
Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal beta 2 Microglobulin antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for IP, WB, Flow Cyt (Intra), IHC-P and reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat samples.
IgG
Rabbit
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Constituents: PBS
Liquid
Monoclonal
Yes
EPR21752-214
Affinity purification Protein A
Blue Ice
+4°C
+4°C
Do Not Freeze
ab237032 is the carrier-free version of Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230.
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:
For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.
Our carrier-free antibodies are typically supplied in a PBS-only formulation, purified and free of BSA, sodium azide and glycerol. The carrier-free buffer and high concentration allow for increased conjugation efficiency.
This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications.
Use our conjugation kits for antibody conjugates that are ready-to-use in as little as 20 minutes with 1 minute hands-on-time and 100% antibody recovery: available for fluorescent dyes, HRP, biotin and gold.
This product is compatible with the Maxpar® Antibody Labeling Kit from Fluidigm, without the need for antibody preparation. Maxpar® is a trademark of Fluidigm Canada Inc.
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
Beta-2-Microglobulin (B2M) is a component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC I) and plays an important role in presenting peptides to the immune system. B2M weighs approximately 11.8 kDa and is found abundantly in all nucleated cells. It has alternate names such as B2 microglobulin or beta-2-microglobulin. This protein is present in the cell membrane as a part of the MHC I which is important for immune surveillance. Additionally B2M is detectable in various biological fluids including serum and its levels can reflect physiological and pathological states.
Beta-2-microglobulin is important for the stability and transport of MHC class I molecules to the cell surface. As part of the MHC class I complex B2M assists in binding peptides allowing immune cells to identify and target pathogen-infected cells. Without B2M the MHC class I molecules are not properly expressed on the cell surface disrupting immune recognition. In laboratory settings researchers often use anti-beta-2-microglobulin antibodies to investigate its role in MHC class I function.
Beta-2-microglobulin interacts significantly with the immune system most notably in the antigen processing and presentation pathway. It works alongside proteins such as the heavy chain of MHC class I. B2M is important in the pathway that involves the transport of antigens to the endoplasmic reticulum where they are loaded onto MHC class I molecules for inspection by cytotoxic T cells. Another related pathway is the tapasin-mediated processing of antigen peptides highlighting the indispensable role of B2M in immune response regulation.
Beta-2-microglobulin is associated with conditions such as beta-2-microglobulin amyloidosis and certain lymphoproliferative disorders. Elevated levels of B2M in serum serve as a marker for diseases like multiple myeloma where the protein level correlates with disease severity. B2M-related amyloidosis frequently occurs in patients undergoing long-term dialysis where amyloid deposits accumulate in tissues. Linking B2M to immune system dysfunction studies have shown interactions with other proteins including components of the immune system like HLA-A and HLA-B highlighting B2M's relevance in diagnosing and understanding these conditions.
We have tested this species and application combination and it works. It is covered by our product promise.
We have not tested this specific species and application combination in-house, but expect it will work. It is covered by our product promise.
This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
We do not recommend this combination. It is not covered by our product promise.
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In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.
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This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation (Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230).
Lanes 1-4: Merged signal (red and green). Green - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230 observed at 14 kDa. Red - loading control Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control ab8245 observed at 36 kDa.
Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230 Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] was shown to specifically react with beta 2 Microglobulin in wild-type HepG2 cells. Loss of signal was observed when knockout cell line Human B2M (beta 2 Microglobulin) knockout Hep G2 cell line ab262325 (knockout cell lysate Human B2M (beta 2 Microglobulin) knockout Hep G2 cell lysate ab256846) was used. Wild-type and beta 2 Microglobulin knockout samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230 and Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control (Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control ab8245) were incubated overnight at 4°C at 1 in 500 dilution and 1 in 20000 dilution respectively. Blots were developed with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776) secondary antibodies at 1 in 20000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature before imaging.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230) at 1/500 dilution
Lane 1: Wild-type HepG2 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: B2M knockout HepG2 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 3: HeLa cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 4: Jurkat cell lysate at 20 µg
All lanes: Western blot - Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) at 1/10000 dilution
Predicted band size: 14 kDa
Observed band size: 14 kDa
Lanes 1-4: Merged signal (red and green). Green - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230 observed at 14 kDa. Red - loading control Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control ab8245 observed at 36 kDa.
Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230 Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] was shown to specifically react with beta 2 Microglobulin in wild-type HepG2 cells. Loss of signal was observed when knockout cell line Human B2M (beta 2 Microglobulin) knockout Hep G2 cell line ab262325 (knockout cell lysate Human B2M (beta 2 Microglobulin) knockout Hep G2 cell lysate ab256846) was used. Wild-type and beta 2 Microglobulin knockout samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE. Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230 and Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control (Anti-GAPDH antibody [6C5] - Loading Control ab8245) were incubated overnight at 4°C at 1 in 500 dilution and 1 in 20000 dilution respectively. Blots were developed with Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed (Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776) secondary antibodies at 1 in 20000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature before imaging.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human kidney tissue labeling beta 2 Microglobulin with Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230 at 1/4000 dilution, followed by a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) secondary antibody. Positive staining on endothelial cells of human kidney is observed. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP).
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230).
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Beta 2 Microglobulin was immunoprecipitated from 0.35 mg HeLa (human epithelial cell line from cervix adenocarcinoma) whole cell lysate with Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230 at 1/30 dilution. Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230 at 1/1000 dilution. VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) (VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) ab131366), was used for detection at 1/5000 dilution.
Lane 1: HeLa whole cell lysate 10 μg (Input).
Lane 2: Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230 IP in HeLa whole cell lysate (+).
Lane 3: Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) instead of Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230 in HeLa whole cell lysate (-).
Blocking/Dilution buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM/TBST.
Exposure time: 3 minutes.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230).
All lanes: Immunoprecipitation - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230)
Predicted band size: 14 kDa
False colour image of Western blot: Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] staining at 1/1000 dilution, shown in green; Mouse anti-Alpha Tubulin [DM1A] (Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291) loading control staining at 1/20000 dilution, shown in red. In Western blot, Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230 was shown to bind specifically to beta 2 Microglobulin. A band was observed at 12 kDa in wild-type HEK-293T cell lysates with no signal observed at this size in B2M knockout cell line Human B2M (beta 2 Microglobulin) knockout HEK-293T cell line ab266828 (knockout cell lysate Human B2M (beta 2 Microglobulin) knockout HEK-293T cell lysate ab256845). To generate this image, wild-type and B2M knockout HEK-293T cell lysates were analysed. First, samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in fluorescent western blot (TBS-based) blocking solution before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged.Secondary antibodies used were Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preabsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preabsorbed (Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776) at 1/20000 dilution.
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] (Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Wild-type HEK-293T cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: B2M knockout HEK-293T cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 3: Wild-type A431 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 4: B2M knockout A431 cell lysate at 20 µg
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 14 kDa
Observed band size: 12 kDa
Intracellular flow cytometric analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 90% methanol permeabilized HepG2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line) cell line labeling beta 2 Microglobulin with Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230 at 1/500 dilution (red) compared with a Rabbit monoclonal IgG - Isotype control (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) (black) and an unlabeled control cells incubated with secondary antibody only) (blue). Goat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077), at 1/2000 dilution was used as the secondary antibody.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230).
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human spleen tissue labeling beta 2 Microglobulin with Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230 at 1/4000 dilution, followed by a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) secondary antibody. Positive staining on endothelial cells of human spleen is observed. Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP).
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230).
Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Intracellular flow cytometric analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 90% methanol permeabilized HeLa (human epithelial cell line from cervix adenocarcinoma) cell line labeling beta 2 Microglobulin with Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230 at 1/50 dilution (red) compared with a Rabbit monoclonal IgG - Isotype control (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) (black) and an unlabeled control (cells incubated with secondary antibody only) (blue). Goat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077), at 1/2000 dilution was used as the secondary antibody.
This data was developed using the same antibody clone in a different buffer formulation containing PBS, BSA, glycerol, and sodium azide (Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin antibody [EPR21752-214] ab218230).
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