Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal Beta-3-tubulin antibody. Suitable for IHC-P, WB, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt (Intra) and reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat samples. Cited in 19 publications.
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 59% PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
IHC-P | WB | ICC/IF | Flow Cyt (Intra) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Human | Tested | Tested | Tested | Tested |
Mouse | Tested | Tested | Tested | Expected |
Rat | Tested | Tested | Expected | Expected |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/8000 | Notes Fot the unpurified format use at 1/250 to 1/500 dilution Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species Mouse | Dilution info 1/8000 | Notes Fot the unpurified format use at 1/250 to 1/500 dilution Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species Rat | Dilution info 1/8000 | Notes Fot the unpurified format use at 1/250 to 1/500 dilution Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info 1/50000 | Notes For the unpurified format use at 1/20000 to 1/100,000 dilution |
Species Rat | Dilution info 1/50000 | Notes For the unpurified format use at 1/20000 to 1/100,000 dilution |
Species Human | Dilution info 1/50000 | Notes For the unpurified format use at 1/20000 to 1/100,000 dilution |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info 1/50 | Notes For the unpurified format use at 1-5 μg/ml |
Species Human | Dilution info 1/50 | Notes For the unpurified format use at 1-5 μg/ml |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Rat | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Human | Dilution info 1/20 | Notes ab172730 - Rabbit monoclonal IgG, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody. For the unpurified format use at 1/1000 dilution |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse, Rat | Dilution info Use at an assay dependent concentration. | Notes - |
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Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, a cylinder consisting of laterally associated linear protofilaments composed of alpha- and beta-tubulin heterodimers (PubMed:34996871). Microtubules grow by the addition of GTP-tubulin dimers to the microtubule end, where a stabilizing cap forms (PubMed:34996871). Below the cap, tubulin dimers are in GDP-bound state, owing to GTPase activity of alpha-tubulin (PubMed:34996871). TUBB3 plays a critical role in proper axon guidance and maintenance (PubMed:20074521). Binding of NTN1/Netrin-1 to its receptor UNC5C might cause dissociation of UNC5C from polymerized TUBB3 in microtubules and thereby lead to increased microtubule dynamics and axon repulsion (PubMed:28483977). Plays a role in dorsal root ganglion axon projection towards the spinal cord (PubMed:28483977).
TUBB4, TUBB3, Tubulin beta-3 chain, Tubulin beta-4 chain, Tubulin beta-III
Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal Beta-3-tubulin antibody. Suitable for IHC-P, WB, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt (Intra) and reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat samples. Cited in 19 publications.
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 59% PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
according to BLAST analysis, it is possible that the antibody will cross-react with TBB6 (Q9BUF5), TBB2B (Q9BVA1), TBB2A (Q13885), TBB5 (P07437), TBB4A (P04350), TBB4B (P68371). This cross-reactivity has not been confirmed experimentally.
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:
For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.
Beta III tubulin often referred to as βIII tubulin or beta-tubulin 3 is a microtubule element involved in the cellular cytoskeleton structure. This protein with a molecular mass of approximately 55 kDa plays an important role in the development and maintenance of neuron structures. It is most prominently expressed in neurons within the central and peripheral nervous systems. In these cells beta III tubulin contributes to microtubule polymerization facilitating the formation of the intricate network necessary for cell shape intracellular transport and division.
Beta III tubulin acts in stabilizing microtubules which are essential for proper neuronal function. It exists as part of the tubulin dimer complex partnering with alpha-tubulin to form the building blocks of microtubules. This particular isotype is often used as a marker for neuronal differentiation due to its specific expression pattern in neural tissues. Its regulation and expression levels are important for neurogenesis and maintaining neuronal plasticity.
Beta III tubulin plays a role in neuron-specific intracellular transport and signaling pathways like the Rho GTPase and MAPK signaling pathways. These pathways are involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptotic processes. Relationships with other proteins such as kinesins and dyneins are important in these pathways influencing intracellular transport and signaling through binding and moving along the microtubule tracks created by beta-tubulin isotypes including beta III tubulin.
Abnormal beta III tubulin expression has been associated with cancer particularly in tumors originating from neuronal lineage such as glioblastomas. Overexpression or mutations can contribute to chemoresistance complicating treatment for certain types of cancer. Beta III tubulin is also linked to neurodevelopmental disorders as it affects proper neural network formation and stability. Its relationship with tumor protein p53 is noted in cancer pathways as p53 can influence beta III tubulin expression impacting cellular proliferation and apoptosis in oncogenic processes.
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We have not tested this specific species and application combination in-house, but expect it will work. It is covered by our product promise.
This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
We do not recommend this combination. It is not covered by our product promise.
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Beta III Tubulin Western blot staining of HeLa (Human cervix adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysate using rabbit Anti-beta III Tubulin antibody
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-beta III Tubulin antibody [EPR1568Y] - Neuronal Marker (ab68193) at 1/50000 dilution
All lanes: HeLa (Human cervix adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysate at 15 µg
All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/20000 dilution
Predicted band size: 50 kDa
Observed band size: 50 kDa
Beta III Tubulin Western blot staining using rabbit Anti-beta III Tubulin antibody
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-beta III Tubulin antibody [EPR1568Y] - Neuronal Marker (ab68193) at 1/50000 dilution
Lane 1: SH-SY5Y (Human neuroblastoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: Human cerebellum lysate at 20 µg
Lane 3: Mouse brain lysate at 20 µg
Lane 4: Rat brain lysate at 20 µg
All lanes: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (HRP) with minimal cross-reactivity with human IgG at 1/2000 dilution
Predicted band size: 50 kDa
Observed band size: 50 kDa
Flow Cytometry analysis of HeLa (Human cervix adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) cells labelling beta III Tubulin with Purified ab68193 at 1:20 dilution (10 µg/ml) (Red). Cells were fixed with 4% Paraformaldehyde and permeabilised with 90% Methanol. A Goat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077) secondary antibody was used at 1:2000. Isotype control - Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Black). Unlabelled control - Cell without incubation with primary antibody and secondary antibody (Blue).
Immunocytochemistry analysis of Neuro-2a(Mouse neuroblastoma neuroblast) cells labeling beta III Tubulin with Purified ab68193 at 1:50 dilution (2.2 µg/ml). Cells were fixed in 100% Methanol and permeabilized with 0.1% tritonX-100. Cells were counterstained with Alexa Fluor® 594 Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker ab195889 Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker (Alexa Fluor® 594) 1:200 (2.5 µg/ml). Goat anti rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor® 488, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) ab150077) was used as the secondary antibody at 1:1000 (2 µg/ml) dilution. DAPI (blue) was used as nuclear counterstain. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of rat testis tissue sections labeling beta III Tubulin with Purified ab68193 at 1:8000 dilution (0.014 µg/mL). Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Citrate buffer (pH 6.0, epitope retrieval solution 1) for 20 mins. Tissue was counterstained with Hematoxylin. Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB ab209101) secondary antibody was used. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the negative control.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of mouse testis tissue sections labeling beta III Tubulin with Purified ab68193 at 1:8000 dilution (0.014 µg/mL). Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Citrate buffer (pH 6.0, epitope retrieval solution 1) for 20 mins. Tissue was counterstained with Hematoxylin. Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB ab209101) secondary antibody was used. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the negative control.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of human tonsil tissue sections labeling beta III Tubulin with Purified ab68193 at 1:8000 dilution (0.014 µg/mL). Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Citrate buffer (pH 6.0, epitope retrieval solution 1) for 20 mins. Tissue was counterstained with Hematoxylin. Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB ab209101) secondary antibody was used. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the negative control.
ab68193 staining beta III Tubulin in wild-type HAP1 cells (top panel) and TUBB3 knockout HAP1 cells (bottom panel). The cells were fixed with 100% methanol (5min), permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 for 5 minutes and then blocked with 1% BSA/10% normal goat serum/0.3M glycine in 0.1% PBS-Tween for 1h. The cells were then incubated with ab68193 at 1μg/ml concentration and Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291, a mouse anti-tubulin antibody, at 1μg/ml overnight at +4°C. This is followed by a further incubation at room temperature for 1h with a goat anti-rabbit IgG Alexa Fluor® 488 (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed ab150081) at 2μg/ml (shown in green) and a goat anti-mouse IgG Alexa Fluor® 647 (Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 647) preadsorbed ab150119) at 2μg/ml (shown in red). Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
Image was taken with a confocal microscope (Leica-Microsystems, TCS SP8).
Flow cytometry overlay histogram showing wild-type HeLa (green line) and TUBB3 knockout HeLa stained with ab68193 (red line). The cells were fixed with 80% methanol (5 min) and then permeabilised with 0.1% PBS-Triton X-100 for 15 min. The cells were then incubated in 1x PBS containing 10% normal goat serum to block non-specific protein-protein interaction followed by the antibody (ab68193) (1x 106 in 100μl at 0.04 μg/ml (1/49250)) for 30min at 22°C.
The secondary antibody Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) preadsorbed was incubated at 1/4000 for 30min at 22°C
Isotype control antibody Recombinant Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control was used at the same concentration and conditions as the primary antibody (wild-type HeLa - black line, TUBB3 knockout HeLa - grey line). Unlabelled sample was also used as a control (this line is not shown for the purpose of simplicity).
Acquisition of >5000 events were collected using a 50 mW Blue laser (488nm) and 525/40 bandpass filter.
Image collected and cropped by CiteAb under a CC-BY license from the publication
Beta III Tubulin Western blot staining using rabbit Anti-beta III Tubulin antibody
beta III Tubulin western blot using anti-beta III Tubulin antibody [EPR1568Y] ab68193. Publication image and figure legend from Chen, D., Lin, X., et al., 2018, Cell Death Dis, PubMed 29374144.
ab68193 was used in this publication in western blot. This may not be the same as the application(s) guaranteed by Abcam. For a full list of applications guaranteed by Abcam for ab68193 please see the product overview.
Altered morphology, microtubular disorders, and EMT in PTX-resistant GC cells.a Cell viability of HGC-27P and HGC-27R cells after exposure to PTX for 48 h. b Representative morphology of parental and PTX-resistant GC cells. Original magnification: ×200. c Microtubules at metaphase visualized with immunofluorescence after an exposure to PTX for 12 h. β-Tubulin III stained for microtubules and DAPI stained for nuclei (green and blue, respectively). Scale bar, 5 μm. d β-Tubulin III and EMT protein expression measured using western blot. e Invasion and migration capacity of HGC-27P and HGC-27R cells measured by Transwell assay with/without Matrigel. Data expressed as mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05
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