Biotin Anti-TPO antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) also known as thyroid microsomal antigen is an essential enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. TPO mechanistically catalyzes the iodination of tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin and the coupling of iodotyrosines to produce thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). This enzyme has a molecular mass approximately of 105 kDa and expresses mainly in the thyroid gland. Researchers often use anti-TPO antibodies to study this protein in scientific investigations because of its significant role in thyroid hormone production.

Biological function summary

TPO is integral in facilitating the thyroid gland's production of hormones necessary for metabolism. It operates in the thyroid follicular cells and works in conjunction with other components like hydrogen peroxide to ensure efficient hormone synthesis. TPO is not part of a larger complex but acts closely with the dual oxidase system that provides the hydrogen peroxide required for its enzymatic activity. This relationship is important for maintaining optimal levels of thyroid hormones necessary for various physiological functions.

Pathways

The biosynthesis of thyroid hormones is the primary pathway involving TPO. TPO plays a role along with thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) to regulate hormone synthesis and release. Another pathway the iodine metabolism pathway incorporates TPO's function to ensure that iodine an essential element effectively integrates into thyroglobulin. This integration is facilitated with the help of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) which allows the active transport of iodide ions into the thyroid cells.

Associated diseases and disorders

TPO is closely related to autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. These conditions often see the presence of anti-TPO antibodies which indicate an autoimmune response against TPO leading to thyroid dysfunction. A connection to these disorders can also involve the protein thyroglobulin (Tg) as both TPO and Tg are critical in thyroid hormone synthesis and are targets for autoantibodies in AITD. Understanding TPO's role helps in diagnosing and managing thyroid disorders effectively.