Anti-BTNL2 antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

BTNL2 also known as Butyrophilin-like protein 2 functions as an immunoregulatory protein. This protein with a molecular mass of approximately 55 kDa predominantly expresses in the epithelial cells of the small intestine and thymus. Researchers have identified its expression in certain peripheral tissues indicating a role in the immune response system where it influences T-cell activation and proliferation.

Biological function summary

BTNL2 plays a significant role in modulating immune responses. It forms part of a complex with other immune checkpoint molecules providing inhibitory signals to T cells. This interaction helps maintain immune system balance and prevents excessive immune responses. The presence of BTNL2 in epithelial tissues suggests its involvement in mucosal immunity and interaction with the gut’s microbiome.

Pathways

BTNL2 directly participates in the immune checkpoint pathway. It negatively regulates the T-cell receptor signaling pathway in concert with proteins such as CTLA-4 and PD-1. These pathways are critical for maintaining immune homeostasis and avoiding autoimmunity by controlling T-cell activity.

Associated diseases and disorders

Mutations or polymorphisms in BTNL2 relate to conditions like sarcoidosis and ulcerative colitis. BTNL2's interactions with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins contribute to these associations. The modulation of T-cell activity by BTNL2 may influence the development of immune-mediated diseases making it a target of interest for therapeutic research.