Anti-CAD antibody

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The CAD protein also known as carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 2/ aspartate transcarbamylase/ dihydroorotase serves an important mechanical role in pyrimidine biosynthesis. CAD is a multi-functional enzyme with a molecular mass of approximately 243 kDa and is expressed in the cytoplasm of many cell types. This complex protein organization enables it to catalyze the first three steps of de novo pyrimidine synthesis involving glutamine-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthesis aspartate transcarbamylation and dihydroorotase activity. Such vital tasks establish CAD as an important player in the nucleotide biosynthesis landscape.

Biological function summary

The CAD enzyme facilitates the production of pyrimidine nucleotides that are necessary for DNA and RNA synthesis. CAD operates as a single-polypeptide chain trifunctional enzyme and is part of a larger protein complex involved in nucleic acid metabolism. Its enzymatic activities align closely to support cellular proliferation and differentiation processes that demand efficient nucleotide production. This link between CAD function and nucleotide availability underlines its importance in ensuring smooth cell cycle progression and maintenance.

Pathways

CAD integrates into the broader nucleotide metabolism and pyrimidine biosynthesis pathways. The CAD protein directly interacts with other key enzymes such as UMP synthase which furthers the conversion of its product dihydroorotate to UMP. OMP decarboxylase also acts downstream reflecting CAD's role in ensuring continuity and efficiency in pyrimidine synthesis. These interactions demonstrate CAD's central involvement in maintaining the nucleotide pool required for DNA synthesis and repair.

Associated diseases and disorders

CAD mutations and dysregulations link to neurological disorders and cancer. Neurological conditions such as CAD deficiency can result from impaired pyrimidine synthesis affecting brain development and function. Additionally enhanced CAD activity associates with certain cancers where its upregulated pyrimidine production supports rapid tumor cell proliferation. In these disease contexts CAD's interaction with proteins involved in cellular proliferation pathways such as c-Myc in cancers highlights its impact on health and disease states.