Anti-Caffeine antibody [F1-P2B1G1]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

Caffeine also known as 137-trimethylxanthine is a stimulant compound with a molecular mass of 194.19 g/mol. It permeates various tissues and is predominantly found in the central nervous system where it acts by antagonizing adenosine receptors. This antagonist action occurs mechanically as caffeine docks into the binding sites of adenosine receptors specifically affecting the A1 and A2A subtypes. Caffeine is widely used in food beverages and pharmacological interventions due to its stimulating effects.

Biological function summary

Caffeine influences cellular processes by interrupting adenosine's usual inhibitory effects on neuronal activity. It is involved in elevating neurotransmitter levels such as dopamine and norepinephrine resulting in increased alertness and reduced fatigue. Caffeine does not form part of a protein complex but modulates the function of these receptors to ultimately enhance synaptic transmission. Its effects vary in tissues depending on the environmental concentrations and receptor expression levels.

Pathways

Caffeine intertwines with signal transduction mechanisms particularly the cAMP signaling pathway. It raises cyclic AMP levels by inhibiting phosphodiesterases which in turn heightens PKA signaling pathways. Through this interaction caffeine indirectly engages with proteins like CREB a transcription factor important for gene expression regulation. Furthermore its role in adenosine receptor inhibition influences pathways linked with energy balance and metabolism.

Associated diseases and disorders

Caffeine's modulation of adenosine receptor activity holds implications for conditions such as Parkinson's disease and insomnia. In Parkinson's disease caffeine's interaction with A2A receptors relates to the dopaminergic system’s function offering potential neuroprotective effects. Its interaction with dopamine receptor D2 is of particular interest here. Additionally chronic caffeine consumption impacts the sleep cycle where its antagonization of adenosine receptors exacerbates issues like insomnia due to decreased naturally induced sleep pressure.