Anti-CARNS1 antibody

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

CARNS1 also known as carnosine synthase is an enzyme that is critical for the synthesis of carnosine a dipeptide composed of beta-alanine and histidine. CARNS1 has a molecular mass of approximately 85 kDa and is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle and nervous tissue. The enzyme plays a fundamental role in the regulation of intracellular pH serving as a buffer as well as contributing to the chelation of metal ions and scavenging of free radicals.

Biological function summary

This enzyme facilitates the production of carnosine which is vital for muscle endurance and cognitive function. CARNS1 operates independently and is not known to be part of a larger protein complex. In tissues it plays a distinct role in ensuring an adequate supply of carnosine which is necessary for physiological homeostasis. The high expression in specific tissues highlights the importance of CARNS1 in cellular activities such as metabolism and protection against oxidative stress.

Pathways

Carnosine synthesized by CARNS1 is integral to metabolic pathways involved in energy production and oxidative stress defense. The taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathway is particularly significant where it interacts with related proteins such as CNDP1 (carnosine dipeptidase 1) which breaks down carnosine into its amino acids. This pathway is important for maintaining cellular protection against oxidative damage and supporting muscle physiology.

Altered expression or dysfunction of CARNS1 has been associated with neurological conditions like Alzheimer's disease and muscle-related disorders such as carnosinemia. In Alzheimer's disease impaired carnosine levels potentially affect neuronal protection and oxidative balance. Associations with proteins like beta-amyloid which is implicated in Alzheimer's pathology suggest CARNS1’s indirect role in mitigating disease progression. In muscle disorders altered CARNS1 activity affects muscle function and may interplay with proteins involved in muscle fiber structure and repair.