Anti-CARS antibody [EPR7121]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The CARS protein also known as cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase is an enzyme responsible for attaching cysteine to its corresponding tRNA thereby playing a vital role in protein synthesis. The molecular mass of CARS is approximately 87 kDa and it is widely expressed in various human tissues including the liver and brain. As a part of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) family it ensures that the genetic code is accurately translated into functional proteins.

Biological function summary

Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase acts as an important component in the translation machinery ensuring incorporation of cysteine into growing polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. It forms part of the multi-synthetase complex (MSC) which is important for cellular translation and efficiency. Beyond its primary synthetase activity CARS also participates in additional cellular processes such as response to oxidative stress by regulating cytosolic thioredoxin levels.

Pathways

Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase plays a significant role within the translation pathway aiding in the biosynthesis of proteins by providing the essential building blocks. Another critical pathway involving CARS is the response to oxidative stress where it interacts with proteins like thioredoxin supporting cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative damage. These interactions highlight its importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis and function.

Associated diseases and disorders

Alterations in CARS function have been associated with neurodegenerative disorders and certain types of cancer. In neurodegeneration abnormalities in cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase can lead to defective protein synthesis and oxidative stress imbalance. Additionally in specific cancers deregulation of protein synthesis pathways involving CARS and its interaction with proteins like thioredoxin contributes to tumor progression and resistance to chemotherapy. Understanding these connections aids in developing targeted therapies.