Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal Cathepsin S antibody. Suitable for IHC-P, WB and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 9 publications.
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 59% PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
IHC-P | Flow Cyt | WB | ICC/IF | |
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Human | Tested | Not recommended | Tested | Not recommended |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info 1/50 - 1/500 | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with citrate buffer pH 6 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info 1/1000 - 1/10000 | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
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Species Human | Dilution info - | Notes - |
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Thiol protease. Key protease responsible for the removal of the invariant chain from MHC class II molecules and MHC class II antigen presentation (PubMed:30612035). The bond-specificity of this proteinase is in part similar to the specificities of cathepsin L.
Cathepsin S, CTSS
Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal Cathepsin S antibody. Suitable for IHC-P, WB and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 9 publications.
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: 59% PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Mouse, Rat: We have preliminary internal testing data to indicate this antibody may not react with these species. Please contact us for more information.
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:
For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.
Cathepsin S sometimes referred to as CTSS is a cysteine protease enzyme weighing about 24-29 kDa part of the papain family. It occurs mainly in lysosomes and is expressed in a variety of cells including antigen-presenting cells like macrophages dendritic cells and B lymphocytes. Cathepsin S functions to cleave proteins at lysines playing a central role in protein degradation and antigen processing. It distinguishes itself from other cathepsins by maintaining activity in an alkaline environment and is essential for the processing of invariant chain (Ii) in MHC class II molecules.
Cathepsin S participates in immune system modulation and matrix degradation. It stands out in its role in the immune response cleaving antigenic proteins for presentation by MHC class II therefore influencing T-cell activation. Although synonymous with lysosomal activity it also operates extracellularly contributing to tissue remodeling and inflammation. Cathepsin S is not part of a larger complex but interacts with MHC class II impacting antigen presentation.
This protease is critical in the immune system and extracellular matrix degradation pathways. In the context of the immune pathway CTSS interacts with other proteases such as Cathepsin L and Cathepsin B to perform antigen trimming and processing. Moreover CTSS supports the activation of T lymphocytes by ensuring the correct presentation of peptide fragments on MHC class II molecules. In matrix degradation CTSS indirectly influences collagen breakdown and interaction with other matrix metalloproteinases.
Cathepsin S is associated with autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis where it contributes to tissue inflammation and joint damage. It also relates to atherosclerosis promoting instability in atherosclerotic plaques which could result in heart disease. In rheumatoid arthritis interactions with cytokines like TNF-alpha amplify inflammatory responses while in atherosclerosis CTSS links with other proteases to degrade extracellular matrix components leading to vulnerable lesions.
We have tested this species and application combination and it works. It is covered by our product promise.
We have not tested this specific species and application combination in-house, but expect it will work. It is covered by our product promise.
This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
We do not recommend this combination. It is not covered by our product promise.
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In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.
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False colour image of Western blot: Anti-Cathepsin S antibody [EPR5128] staining at 1/1000 dilution, shown in green; Mouse anti-Alpha Tubulin [DM1A] (Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Loading Control ab7291) loading control staining at 1/20000 dilution, shown in red. In Western blot, ab134157 was shown to bind specifically to Cathepsin S. A band was observed at 25 kDa in wild-type THP-1 cell lysates with no signal observed at this size in Ctss knockout cell line Human CTSS knockout THP-1 cell line ab275846 (knockout cell lysate ab275820). To generate this image, wild-type and Ctss knockout THP-1 cell lysates were analysed. First, samples were run on an SDS-PAGE gel then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked in 3% milk in TBS-0.1 % Tween® 20 (TBS-T) before incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. Blots were washed four times in TBS-T, incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature, washed again four times then imaged. Secondary antibodies used were Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preabsorbed (Goat anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (IRDye® 800CW) preadsorbed ab216773) and Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preabsorbed (Goat anti-Mouse IgG H&L (IRDye® 680RD) preadsorbed ab216776) at 1/20000 dilution.
Lanes 1 - 2: Western blot - Anti-Cathepsin S antibody [EPR5128] (ab134157) at 1/1000 dilution
Lanes 3 - 4: Western blot - Anti-Cathepsin S antibody [EPR5128] - BSA and Azide free (Anti-Cathepsin S antibody [EPR5128] - BSA and Azide free ab248706) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Wild-type THP-1 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: Ctss knockout THP-1 cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: Western blot - Human CTSS knockout THP-1 cell line (Human CTSS knockout THP-1 cell line ab275846)
Lane 3: U-87 MG cell lysate at 20 µg
Lane 4: HeLa cell lysate at 20 µg
Performed under reducing conditions.
Predicted band size: 37 kDa
Observed band size: 25 kDa
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-Cathepsin S antibody [EPR5128] (ab134157) at 1/1000 dilution
All lanes: U-87 MG (Human glioblastoma-astrocytoma epithelial cell) whole cell lysate
All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/20000 dilution
Predicted band size: 37 kDa
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of human kidney tissue sections labeling Cathepsin S with purified ab134157 at 1/500 dilution (0.452 μg/mL). Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using Heat mediated antigen retrieval using Bond™ Epitope Retrieval Solution 2 (pH 9.0). Tissue was counterstained with Hematoxylin. Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB ab209101) secondary antibody was used at 1/0 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the negative control.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument.
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) analysis of human liver tissue sections labeling Cathepsin S with purified ab134157 at 1/500 dilution (0.452 μg/mL). Heat mediated antigen retrieval was performed using Heat mediated antigen retrieval using Bond™ Epitope Retrieval Solution 2 (pH 9.0). Tissue was counterstained with Hematoxylin. Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB (Rabbit specific IHC polymer detection kit HRP/DAB ab209101) secondary antibody was used at 1/0 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the negative control.
The immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument.
Image collected and cropped by CiteAb under a CC-BY license from the publication
Cathepsin S western blot using anti-Cathepsin S antibody [EPR5128] ab134157. Publication image and figure legend from Pawar, K., Sharbati, J., et al., 2016, Front Cell Infect Microbiol, PubMed 27014637.
ab134157 was used in this publication in western blot. This may not be the same as the application(s) guaranteed by Abcam. For a full list of applications guaranteed by Abcam for ab134157 please see the product overview.
Detection of autophagy in THP-1 cells transfected with miR-3619-5p mimics. (A) Expression of CTSS in THP-1 cells was down-regulated after transfection with miR-3619-5p mimics as well as siRNA, which affected the process of autophagy observed by LC3A/B conversion on western blots. (B) LC3 autophagy puncta were observed under the microscope, (C) and were significantly increased in miR-3619-5p mimics transfected cells compared to nonsense controls as calculated by ImageJ. (D) LC3-GFP autophagy puncta were also observed with pEX-GFP-hLC3-WT plasmids. Co-transfecting cells with miR-3619-5p with pEX-GFP-hLC3-WT plasmid produced more autophagy GFP-LC3 puncta than that of co-transfected cells with nonsense control and pEX-GFP-hLC3-WT plasmid as observed under fluorescent microscope. Arrow indicates co-transfected cells and arrowhead indicates non-transfected population. (E) Significant differences in number of autophagic GFP-LC3 puncta was observed between two groups counted by ImageJ. The columns show means of three biological replicates each measured in triplicates while error bars show the standard deviation. Asterisks indicate statistical significance between samples (*P < 0.05).
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