Anti-CD1 antibody [76-7-4]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

The CD1 group of glycoproteins are involved in immune response. Also known as cluster of differentiation 1 the CD1 molecules have multiple isoforms including CD1a CD1b CD1c CD1d and CD1e. CD1 proteins have a molecular mass ranging from 43 to 49 kDa. These proteins are expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells like dendritic cells B cells and some types of T cells. CD1 molecules structurally resemble MHC class I molecules but function differently by presenting lipid and glycolipid antigens to T cells.

Biological function summary

CD1 proteins play a role in the immune system by presenting lipid antigens to T cells. This antigen presentation aids in the activation of T cells particularly Natural Killer T (NKT) cells. CD1 molecules participate as part of a complex with β2-microglobulin which stabilizes the CD1 structure and facilitates antigen delivery to the cell surface. The presence of CD1 on antigen-presenting cells ensures that a broad range of lipid antigens can be sampled integrating important functions in both innate and adaptive immunity.

Pathways

CD1 proteins are important in adaptive immune system pathways. They take part in pathogen recognition and immune response pathways where they work together with pattern recognition receptors and T-cell receptors. These proteins possess similarities with MHC molecules engaging in parallel pathways of antigen processing and presentation. Their activity is intertwined with proteins like CD3 and the T-cell receptor complex; they facilitate communication and response initiation in T cells.

Associated diseases and disorders

CD1 proteins have implications in autoimmunity and infectious diseases. CD1 molecules are involved in the recognition of mycobacterial lipids which is relevant to diseases like tuberculosis where an immune response is important. The proteins also relate to autoimmune diseases as dysregulation may lead to improper immune cell activation. Researchers are investigating links between CD1 and inflammatory diseases where molecules like CD1d interact with CD1-restricted NKT cells highlighting CD1’s role in modulating immune responses in health and disease contexts.