Anti-CD20 antibody [MEM-97]

Supplementary info

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

Activity summary

CD20 also known as MS4A1 or L26 is a membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 1 protein. It is a non-glycosylated phosphoprotein with a molecular mass of approximately 33-37 kDa. Expressed extensively on the surface of B-cells CD20 plays an important role in B-cell activation and regulation. While CD20 is absent on early pro-B cells and plasma cells its presence increases as B-cells mature. Anti-CD20 antibodies such as 2H7 are commonly used in research and treatment to deplete B-cells due to the target's consistent expression in most stages of B-cell development.

Biological function summary

CD20 contributes significantly to calcium ion transport which is essential for the activation process of B-cells. Although CD20 does not belong to a larger protein complex its role centers around forming a calcium channel that allows a sustained influx of calcium into the B-cells. This influx is important for the signaling pathways that govern B-cell activation proliferation and differentiation impacting the immune response efficacy.

Pathways

CD20 is closely involved in the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and the Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis pathway. These pathways play vital roles in adaptive immunity and immune response modulation. CD20's interaction with proteins like PI3K during BCR signaling enhances receptor-mediated cellular signals subsequently influencing downstream effectors involved in cell growth and survival of B-cells.

Associated diseases and disorders

CD20 is strongly linked to certain blood cancers and autoimmune diseases including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis. These conditions often exploit aberrant B-cell activity or count. CD20's expression on malignant B-cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma makes it an effective target for monoclonal antibody therapies such as rituximab an anti-CD20 antibody. Additionally CD20-targeted therapies can help deplete pathogenic B-cells in rheumatoid arthritis highlighting the protein's relevance in disease treatment.