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AB85986

Anti-CD28 antibody [CD28.2] - Low endotoxin, Azide free

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(11 Publications)

Mouse Monoclonal CD28 antibody. Carrier free. Suitable for Flow Cyt and reacts with Human samples. Cited in 11 publications.

View Alternative Names

CD28, T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28, TP44

2 Images
Flow Cytometry - Anti-CD28 antibody [CD28.2] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB85986)
  • Flow Cyt

Supplier Data

Flow Cytometry - Anti-CD28 antibody [CD28.2] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB85986)

Separation of human CD28 positive lymphocytes (red-filled) from neutrophil granulocytes (black-dashed) in flow cytometry analysis (surface staining) of human peripheral whole blood stained using ab85986 GAM APC.

Flow Cytometry - Anti-CD28 antibody [CD28.2] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB85986)
  • Flow Cyt

Supplier Data

Flow Cytometry - Anti-CD28 antibody [CD28.2] - Low endotoxin, Azide free (AB85986)

Flow cytometry surface staining pattern of human peripheral blood stained using ab85986 GAM APC.

  • 723 Alexa Fluor® 700

    Alexa Fluor® 700 Anti-CD28 antibody [CD28.2]

  • 695 PerCP/Cy5.5®

    PerCP/Cy5.5® Anti-CD28 antibody [CD28.2]

  • 578 PE

    PE Anti-CD28 antibody [CD28.2]

  • 778 PE/Cy7®

    PE/Cy7® Anti-CD28 antibody [CD28.2]

  • 675 PerCP

    PerCP Anti-CD28 antibody [CD28.2]

  • 660 APC

    APC Anti-CD28 antibody [CD28.2]

  • Biotin

    Biotin Anti-CD28 antibody [CD28.2]

  • 519 FITC

    FITC Anti-CD28 antibody [CD28.2]

  • 785 APC/Cy7®

    APC/Cy7® Anti-CD28 antibody [CD28.2]

Key facts

Host species

Mouse

Clonality

Monoclonal

Clone number

CD28.2

Isotype

IgG1

Carrier free

Yes

Reacts with

Human

Applications

Flow Cyt

applications

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Reactivity data

{ "title": "Reactivity Data", "filters": { "stats": ["", "Species", "Dilution Info", "Notes"], "tabs": { "all-applications": {"fullname" : "All Applications", "shortname": "All Applications"}, "FlowCyt" : {"fullname" : "Flow Cytometry", "shortname":"Flow Cyt"} }, "product-promise": { "all": "all", "testedAndGuaranteed": "tested", "guaranteed": "expected", "predicted": "predicted", "notRecommended": "not-recommended" } }, "values": { "Human": { "FlowCyt-species-checked": "testedAndGuaranteed", "FlowCyt-species-dilution-info": "1-12 µg/mL", "FlowCyt-species-notes": "<p></p>" }, "Primates": { "FlowCyt-species-checked": "predicted", "FlowCyt-species-dilution-info": "", "FlowCyt-species-notes": "" } } }
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Properties and storage information

Form
Liquid
Purification technique
Affinity purification
Purification notes
This purified format is guaranteed to be >90% pure as determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. Endotoxin level is less than or equal to 0.01 EU/ug, as determined by the LaL assay.
Storage buffer
pH: 7.2 Constituents: 0.87% Sodium chloride, 0.14% Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage duration
1-2 weeks
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
Aliquoting information
Upon delivery aliquot
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Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

CD28 also known as T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 or TP44 plays an important role as a co-stimulatory receptor on T cells. This glycoprotein has a molecular mass of about 44 kDa and is located mainly on the cell surface of T cells. CD28 expression also occurs on thymocytes and some B cells. It forms part of the immunoglobulin superfamily featuring in significant antibody interactions. Researchers often use anti-CD28 antibodies for various immunological assays including CD28 ELISA to study its function.
Biological function summary

CD28 co-stimulates T cells after antigen presentation. It enhances T cell proliferation survival and cytokine production. CD28 functions alongside the T cell receptor (TCR) complex mediating signals that promote full T cell activation. This interaction amplifies the immune response forming an important axis of immune system communication. CD28 interacts with its ligands B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) found on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) illustrating its role in immune system dynamics.

Pathways

CD28 is integral to the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. These pathways conduct signals critical for cellular growth and survival linking CD28 to downstream transcription factors. The interaction with another protein CTLA-4 acts as a regulatory balance for CD28 signaling preventing over-activation of T cells. This balance influences immune homeostasis and tolerance providing a framework for understanding costimulatory and inhibitory signaling.

CD28's role becomes evident in autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. Abnormal CD28 signaling links to rheumatoid arthritis where inappropriate T cell activation occurs. Similarly CD28 activity contributes to organ transplant rejection by stimulating T cell-mediated responses against transplanted tissues. CTLA-4 through regulatory feedback can modify these effects providing therapeutic target strategies for managing such disorders. Efforts to modulate CD28 activity involve developing therapeutic agents such as anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies.
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Product protocols

For this product, it's our understanding that no specific protocols are required. You can visit:
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Target data

Receptor that plays a role in T-cell activation, proliferation, survival and the maintenance of immune homeostasis (PubMed : 1650475, PubMed : 7568038). Functions not only as an amplifier of TCR signals but delivers unique signals that control intracellular biochemical events that alter the gene expression program of T-cells (PubMed : 24665965). Stimulation upon engagement of its cognate ligands CD80 or CD86 increases proliferation and expression of various cytokines in particular IL2 production in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets (PubMed : 1650475, PubMed : 35397202). Mechanistically, ligation induces recruitment of protein kinase C-theta/PRKCQ and GRB2 leading to NF-kappa-B activation via both PI3K/Akt-dependent and -independent pathways (PubMed : 21964608, PubMed : 24665965, PubMed : 7568038). In conjunction with TCR/CD3 ligation and CD40L costimulation, enhances the production of IL4 and IL10 in T-cells (PubMed : 8617933).. Isoform 3. Enhances CD40L-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B and kinases MAPK8 and PAK2 in T-cells (PubMed : 15067037).
See full target information CD28
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Publications (11)

Recent publications for all applications. Explore the full list and refine your search

Therapeutic advances in chronic disease 12:2040622321991705 PubMed33995991

2021

Serum-derived exosomes containing NEAT1 promote the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis through regulation of miR-144-3p/ROCK2 axis.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Rui Liu,Chunbo Jiang,Jingjing Li,Xiaoru Li,Lin Zhao,Haifeng Yun,Weiwei Xu,Weijian Fan,Qiuhong Liu,Hongli Dong

PloS one 11:e0153578 PubMed27077658

2016

Impact of the New Generation Reconstituted Surfactant CHF5633 on Human CD4+ Lymphocytes.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Markus Fehrholz,Kirsten Glaser,Silvia Seidenspinner,Barbara Ottensmeier,Tore Curstedt,Christian P Speer,Steffen Kunzmann

Immunology letters 140:81-91 PubMed21763349

2011

Antipsychotic drugs suppress the AKT/NF-κB pathway and regulate the differentiation of T-cell subsets.

Applications

FuncS

Species

Human

Mao-Liang Chen,Tzung-Chieh Tsai,Yi-Yin Lin,Ya-Min Tsai,Lu-Kai Wang,Ming-Cheng Lee,Fu-Ming Tsai

Blood 118:795-803 PubMed21642596

2011

NFATc3 regulates the transcription of genes involved in T-cell activation and angiogenesis.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Katia Urso,Arantzazu Alfranca,Sara Martínez-Martínez,Amelia Escolano,Inmaculada Ortega,Antonio Rodríguez,Juan Miguel Redondo

Journal of virology 78:6995-7003 PubMed15194776

2004

Immunization with hepatitis C virus-like particles induces humoral and cellular immune responses in nonhuman primates.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Sook-Hyang Jeong,Ming Qiao,Michelina Nascimbeni,Zongyi Hu,Barbara Rehermann,Krishna Murthy,T Jake Liang

Molecular and cellular biology 24:3860-73 PubMed15082780

2004

Degradation of Bcl10 induced by T-cell activation negatively regulates NF-kappa B signaling.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Erika Scharschmidt,Elmar Wegener,Vigo Heissmeyer,Anjana Rao,Daniel Krappmann

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 166:197-206 PubMed11123293

2000

Negative-feedback regulation of CD28 costimulation by a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase, MKP6.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

F Marti,A Krause,N H Post,C Lyddane,B Dupont,M Sadelain,P D King

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 163:3511-5 PubMed10477625

1999

Evidence that Langerhans cells in adult pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis are mature dendritic cells: importance of the cytokine microenvironment.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

A Tazi,J Moreau,A Bergeron,S Dominique,A J Hance,P Soler

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 163:62-70 PubMed10384100

1999

Expression of a variant of CD28 on a subpopulation of human NK cells: implications for B7-mediated stimulation of NK cells.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

J Galea-Lauri,D Darling,S U Gan,L Krivochtchapov,M Kuiper,J Gäken,B Souberbielle,F Farzaneh

The Biochemical journal 293 ( Pt 3):835-42 PubMed8394695

1993

Signalling through CD28 T-cell activation pathway involves an inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C activity.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

J Nunes,S Klasen,M D Franco,C Lipcey,C Mawas,M Bagnasco,D Olive
View all publications
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