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AB243228

Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076]

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(1 Review)

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(22 Publications)

Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (ab243228) is a rabbit monoclonal antibody detecting CD28 in Western Blot, IP, IHC-P, ICC/IF. Suitable for Human, Mouse, Rat.

- Biophysical QC for unrivalled batch-batch consistency
- Over 10 publications

View Alternative Names

CD28, T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28, TP44

8 Images
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB243228)
  • IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB243228)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human multiple myeloma tissue labeling CD28 with ab243228 at 1/2000 dilution, followed by a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP). Membranous staining on human Multiple Myeloma cells. (PMID : 7522634) is observed. Counterstained with hematoxylin.

Secondary antibody only control : Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP).

Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval using ab93684 (Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0).

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB243228)
  • ICC/IF

Supplier Data

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB243228)

Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.1% Triton X-100 permeabilized Jurkat (human T cell leukemia T lymphocyte) cells labeling CD28 with ab243228 at 1/50 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) (ab150077) secondary antibody at 1/1000 dilution (green). Confocal image showing membranous staining in Jurkat cells. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).

Counterstained with ab195889 Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker (Alexa Fluor® 594) at a 1/200 dilution (red).

The negative control is the secondary antibody only.

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB243228)
  • IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB243228)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tonsil tissue labeling CD28 with ab243228 at 1/2000 dilution, followed by a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP). Membranous and cytoplasmic staining on subsets of immune cells of human tonsil (PMID : 7489738) is observed. Counterstained with hematoxylin.

Secondary antibody only control : Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP).

Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval using ab93684 (Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0).

Immunoprecipitation - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB243228)
  • IP

Supplier Data

Immunoprecipitation - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB243228)

CD28 was immunoprecipitated from 0.35 mg Jurkat (human T cell leukemia T lymphocyte) whole cell lysate with ab243228 at 1/30 dilution. Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using ab243228 at 1/1000 dilution. VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) (ab131366), was used for detection at 1/5000 dilution.
Lane 1 : Jurkat whole cell lysate 10 μg (Input).
Lane 2 : ab243228 IP in Jurkat whole cell lysate.
Lane 3 : Rabbit monoclonal IgG (ab172730) instead of ab243228 in Jurkat whole cell lysate.
Blocking/Dilution buffer : 5% NFDM/TBST.
Exposure time : 30 seconds.

The target band ranging between 37kDa-48kDa is consistent with what has been described in the literature (PMID : 2825196). Minor band below 15kDa is likely to be an isoform.

All lanes:

Immunoprecipitation - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (ab243228)

Predicted band size: 25 kDa

false

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB243228)
  • IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB243228)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded rat spleen tissue labeling CD28 with ab243228 at 1/2000 dilution, followed by a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP). Membranous and cytoplasmic staining on subsets of immune cells of rat spleen is observed. Counterstained with hematoxylin.

Secondary antibody only control : Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP).

Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval using ab93684 (Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0).

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB243228)
  • IHC-P

Supplier Data

Immunohistochemistry (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB243228)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse spleen tissue labeling CD28 with ab243228 at 1/2000 dilution, followed by a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP). Membranous and cytoplasmic staining on subsets of immune cells of mouse spleen is observed. Counterstained with hematoxylin.

Secondary antibody only control : Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is a ready to use Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP).

Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval using ab93684 (Tris/EDTA buffer, pH 9.0).

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB243228)
  • ICC/IF

Supplier Data

Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB243228)

Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed, 0.1% Triton X-100 permeabilized EL4.IL-2 (Mouse lymphoma T lymphocyte) cells labeling CD28 with ab243228 at 1/50 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor® 488) (ab150077) secondary antibody at 1/1000 dilution (green). Confocal image showing membranous staining in EL4.IL-2 cells. The nuclear counter stain is DAPI (blue).

Counterstained with ab195889 Anti-alpha Tubulin antibody [DM1A] - Microtubule Marker (Alexa Fluor® 594) at a 1/200 dilution (red).

The negative control is the secondary antibody only.

Western blot - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB243228)
  • WB

Supplier Data

Western blot - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (AB243228)

The target band ranging between 37kDa-48kDa is consistent with what has been described in the literature (PMID : 2825196). Minor band below 15kDa is likely to be an isoform.

This blot was developed using a higher sensitivity ECL substrate.

This primary antibody was incubated overnight at 4°C.

All lanes:

Western blot - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (ab243228) at 1/1000 dilution

Lane 1:

Jurkat (human T cell leukemia T lymphocyte), whole cell lysate at 20 µg

Lane 2:

EL4.IL-2 (mouse lymphoma T lymphocyte), whole cell lysate at 20 µg

Secondary

All lanes:

Western blot - VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) (<a href='/en-us/products/reagents/veriblot-for-ip-detection-reagent-hrp-ab131366'>ab131366</a>) at 1/1000 dilution

Predicted band size: 25 kDa

false

Exposure time: 26s

Key facts

Host species

Rabbit

Clonality

Monoclonal

Clone number

EPR22076

Isotype

IgG

Carrier free

No

Reacts with

Mouse, Rat, Human

Applications

IP, WB, ICC/IF, IHC-P

applications

Immunogen

The exact immunogen used to generate this antibody is proprietary information.

Reactivity data

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Product details

What is this antibody validated in?
Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22076] (ab243228) is a rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody and is validated for use in Western Blot (WB), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P), Immunocytochemistry/immunofluorescence (ICC/IF) in Human, Mouse, Rat samples.

What is the molecular weight of CD28?
Anti-CD28 [EPR22076] (ab243228) specifically detects a band for CD28 (UniProt: P10747) at a molecular weight of 25kDa.

Trusted by the scientific community
Anti-CD28 [EPR22076] (ab243228) was first used in a scientific publication in 2018 and has been cited over 10 times in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial sizes available!
Test your antibody or perform pre-screening before committing to a larger quantity. Sold in 10µl. Discover our selection of trial-size antibodies.

Other related products
We have a range of other formats of antibody clone [EPR22076] also available for your convenience: ab243228, Carrier free - ab243557, Alexa Fluor® 647 - ab288330, Alexa Fluor® 594 - ab311746, Alexa Fluor® 568 - ab313026, Alexa Fluor® 750 - ab321491

Patented technology
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.

What are the advantages of a recombinant monoclonal antibody?
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:

  • - High batch-to-batch consistency and reproducibility
  • - Improved sensitivity and specificity
  • - Long-term security of supply
  • - Animal-free batch production

For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.

Properties and storage information

Form
Liquid
Purification technique
Affinity purification Protein A
Storage buffer
pH: 7.2 - 7.4 Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide Constituents: PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Shipped at conditions
Blue Ice
Appropriate short-term storage duration
1-2 weeks
Appropriate short-term storage conditions
+4°C
Appropriate long-term storage conditions
-20°C
Aliquoting information
Upon delivery aliquot
Storage information
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle

Supplementary information

This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.

CD28 also known as T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 or TP44 plays an important role as a co-stimulatory receptor on T cells. This glycoprotein has a molecular mass of about 44 kDa and is located mainly on the cell surface of T cells. CD28 expression also occurs on thymocytes and some B cells. It forms part of the immunoglobulin superfamily featuring in significant antibody interactions. Researchers often use anti-CD28 antibodies for various immunological assays including CD28 ELISA to study its function.
Biological function summary

CD28 co-stimulates T cells after antigen presentation. It enhances T cell proliferation survival and cytokine production. CD28 functions alongside the T cell receptor (TCR) complex mediating signals that promote full T cell activation. This interaction amplifies the immune response forming an important axis of immune system communication. CD28 interacts with its ligands B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) found on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) illustrating its role in immune system dynamics.

Pathways

CD28 is integral to the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. These pathways conduct signals critical for cellular growth and survival linking CD28 to downstream transcription factors. The interaction with another protein CTLA-4 acts as a regulatory balance for CD28 signaling preventing over-activation of T cells. This balance influences immune homeostasis and tolerance providing a framework for understanding costimulatory and inhibitory signaling.

CD28's role becomes evident in autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. Abnormal CD28 signaling links to rheumatoid arthritis where inappropriate T cell activation occurs. Similarly CD28 activity contributes to organ transplant rejection by stimulating T cell-mediated responses against transplanted tissues. CTLA-4 through regulatory feedback can modify these effects providing therapeutic target strategies for managing such disorders. Efforts to modulate CD28 activity involve developing therapeutic agents such as anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies.

Product protocols

For this product, it's our understanding that no specific protocols are required. You can visit:

Target data

Receptor that plays a role in T-cell activation, proliferation, survival and the maintenance of immune homeostasis (PubMed : 1650475, PubMed : 7568038). Functions not only as an amplifier of TCR signals but delivers unique signals that control intracellular biochemical events that alter the gene expression program of T-cells (PubMed : 24665965). Stimulation upon engagement of its cognate ligands CD80 or CD86 increases proliferation and expression of various cytokines in particular IL2 production in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets (PubMed : 12196291, PubMed : 1650475, PubMed : 35397202). Mechanistically, ligation induces recruitment of protein kinase C-theta/PRKCQ and GRB2 leading to NF-kappa-B activation via both PI3K/Akt-dependent and -independent pathways (PubMed : 21964608, PubMed : 24665965, PubMed : 7568038). In conjunction with TCR/CD3 ligation and CD40L costimulation, enhances the production of IL4 and IL10 in T-cells (PubMed : 8617933).. Isoform 3. Enhances CD40L-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B and kinases MAPK8 and PAK2 in T-cells (PubMed : 15067037).
See full target information CD28

Publications (22)

Recent publications for all applications. Explore the full list and refine your search

JCO precision oncology 9:e2500404 PubMed40749151

2025

Mucin 16-Directed Therapy in Pediatric Sarcomas: Case Evidence of Ubamatamab Efficacy in Epithelioid Sarcoma and Its Implications for Other Sarcoma Subtypes.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Denise M Connolly,Gabriel Revon-Rivière,Rose Chami,Denise Mills,Ailish C Coblentz,Thomas S Uldrick,David A Knorr,Priscila Goncalves,Michael Dobosz,Sumreen Jalal,Sarah Cohen-Gogo,Daniel A Morgenstern

Cell biology and toxicology 41:109 PubMed40590998

2025

NGR-modified curcumin nanovesicles reverse immunotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer via TLR9 and mTOR pathway modulation.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Shuo Wang,Xiaoou Wang,Xinyu Zheng,Haiyang Jiang,Lu Liu,Ningye Ma,Xiaoshen Dong

Signal transduction and targeted therapy 10:140 PubMed40312419

2025

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals gut microbiota-immunotherapy synergy through modulating tumor microenvironment.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Minyuan Cao,Yun Deng,Qing Hao,Huayun Yan,Quan-Lin Wang,Chunyan Dong,Jing Wu,Yajiao He,Li-Bin Huang,Xuyang Xia,Yongchao Gao,Hai-Ning Chen,Wei-Han Zhang,Yan-Jing Zhang,Xiaozhen Zhuo,Lunzhi Dai,Hongbo Hu,Yong Peng,Feng Zhang,Zhaoqian Liu,Weihua Huang,Huiyuan Zhang,Li Yang,Yang Shu,Wei Zhang,Yan Zhang,Heng Xu

Allergologia et immunopathologia 53:74-81 PubMed40088025

2025

Lysine hydroxylase 1 (PLOD1) regulates glucose metabolism and promotes Th17 cell differentiation in psoriasis.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Zhen Yue,Wanlu Zhang,Gege Zhu,Huiya Sun,Congjun Jiang

Oncology letters 29:112 PubMed39802311

2025

CircENTPD7 affects the immune escape of non‑small cell lung cancer cells by modulating the IGF2BP2/PD‑L1 axis.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Hongwei Yu,Yibin Zhang,Rufei Yang,Changbin Xie,Zhiwei Liao,Tongchong Zhou

Cells 13: PubMed39329753

2024

Comparative Analysis of Inhibitory and Activating Immune Checkpoints PD-1, PD-L1, CD28, and CD86 in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Linus Winter,Jutta Ries,Christoph Vogl,Leah Trumet,Carol Immanuel Geppert,Rainer Lutz,Marco Kesting,Manuel Weber

Journal of nanobiotechnology 22:409 PubMed38992688

2024

Targeting CSF1R in myeloid-derived suppressor cells: insights into its immunomodulatory functions in colorectal cancer and therapeutic implications.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Xin Tong,Shifeng Qiao,Zhe Dong,Xiaohui Zhao,Xiaxia Du,Wei Niu

NPJ systems biology and applications 10:66 PubMed38858414

2024

interFLOW: maximum flow framework for the identification of factors mediating the signaling convergence of multiple receptors.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Ron Sheinin,Koren Salomon,Eilam Yeini,Shai Dulberg,Ayelet Kaminitz,Ronit Satchi-Fainaro,Roded Sharan,Asaf Madi

Chinese medicine 19:28 PubMed38369521

2024

Immunopotentiating effects of herb-partitioned moxibustion on the spleens of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed rats.

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Luojie Xiong,Yuefeng Tian,Xiaoshan Xu,Huifang Wang,Wei Li,Chuntao Zhai

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 2023:4167906 PubMed37123081

2023

Iridoid from Oliv. Exerts Antiarthritis Effects by Inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway and .

Applications

Unspecified application

Species

Unspecified reactive species

Li-Dong Tang,Jian-Ying Wang,Yan Zhang,Xiao-Yun Chen,Lei Zhang,Ying Yuan
View all publications

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