Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal CD28 antibody. Suitable for IP, WB, IHC-P and reacts with Mouse samples.
IgG
Rabbit
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Liquid
Monoclonal
IP | Flow Cyt | WB | ICC/IF | IHC-P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mouse | Tested | Not recommended | Tested | Not recommended | Tested |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info 1/30 | Notes Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info 1/1000 | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info - | Notes - |
Species | Dilution info | Notes |
---|---|---|
Species Mouse | Dilution info 1/500 | Notes Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0, epitope retrieval solution 2) for 10 mins. Perform heat-mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol. |
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Receptor that plays a role in T-cell activation, proliferation, survival and the maintenance of immune homeostasis (PubMed:7688139). Functions not only as an amplifier of TCR signals but delivers unique signals that control intracellular biochemical events that alter the gene expression program of T-cells. Stimulation upon engagement of its cognate ligands CD80 or CD86 increases proliferation and expression of various cytokines in particular IL2 production in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subsets. Mechanistically, ligation induces recruitment of protein kinase C-theta/PRKCQ and GRB2 leading to NF-kappa-B activation via both PI3K/Akt-dependent and -independent pathways. In conjunction with TCR/CD3 ligation and CD40L costimulation, enhances the production of IL4 and IL10 in T-cells.
T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28, Cd28
Rabbit Recombinant Monoclonal CD28 antibody. Suitable for IP, WB, IHC-P and reacts with Mouse samples.
IgG
Rabbit
pH: 7.2 - 7.4
Preservative: 0.01% Sodium azide
Constituents: PBS, 40% Glycerol (glycerin, glycerine), 0.05% BSA
Liquid
Monoclonal
EPR22311-17
Affinity purification Protein A
Blue Ice
1-2 weeks
+4°C
-20°C
Upon delivery aliquot
Avoid freeze / thaw cycle
Our RabMAb® technology is a patented hybridoma-based technology for making rabbit monoclonal antibodies. For details on our patents, please refer to RabMAb® patents.
This product is a recombinant monoclonal antibody, which offers several advantages including:
For more information, read more on recombinant antibodies.
This supplementary information is collated from multiple sources and compiled automatically.
CD28 also known as T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 or TP44 plays an important role as a co-stimulatory receptor on T cells. This glycoprotein has a molecular mass of about 44 kDa and is located mainly on the cell surface of T cells. CD28 expression also occurs on thymocytes and some B cells. It forms part of the immunoglobulin superfamily featuring in significant antibody interactions. Researchers often use anti-CD28 antibodies for various immunological assays including CD28 ELISA to study its function.
CD28 co-stimulates T cells after antigen presentation. It enhances T cell proliferation survival and cytokine production. CD28 functions alongside the T cell receptor (TCR) complex mediating signals that promote full T cell activation. This interaction amplifies the immune response forming an important axis of immune system communication. CD28 interacts with its ligands B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) found on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) illustrating its role in immune system dynamics.
CD28 is integral to the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. These pathways conduct signals critical for cellular growth and survival linking CD28 to downstream transcription factors. The interaction with another protein CTLA-4 acts as a regulatory balance for CD28 signaling preventing over-activation of T cells. This balance influences immune homeostasis and tolerance providing a framework for understanding costimulatory and inhibitory signaling.
CD28's role becomes evident in autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. Abnormal CD28 signaling links to rheumatoid arthritis where inappropriate T cell activation occurs. Similarly CD28 activity contributes to organ transplant rejection by stimulating T cell-mediated responses against transplanted tissues. CTLA-4 through regulatory feedback can modify these effects providing therapeutic target strategies for managing such disorders. Efforts to modulate CD28 activity involve developing therapeutic agents such as anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies.
We have tested this species and application combination and it works. It is covered by our product promise.
We have not tested this specific species and application combination in-house, but expect it will work. It is covered by our product promise.
This species and application combination has not been tested, but we predict it will work based on strong homology. However, this combination is not covered by our product promise.
We do not recommend this combination. It is not covered by our product promise.
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In the unlikely event of one of our products not working as expected, you are covered by our product promise.
Full details and terms and conditions can be found here:
Terms & Conditions.
CD28 was immunoprecipitated from 0.35 mg EL4.IL-2 (mouse lymphoma T lymphocyte) whole cell lysate with ab242124 at 1/30 dilution. Western blot was performed on the immunoprecipitate using ab242124 at 1/1000 dilution. VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) (VeriBlot for IP Detection Reagent (HRP) ab131366) was used for detection at 1/5000 dilution.
Lane 1: EL4.IL-2 whole cell lysate 10 μg (input).
Lane 2: ab242124 IP in EL4.IL-2 whole cell lysate.
Lane 3: Rabbit monoclonal IgG (Rabbit IgG, monoclonal [EPR25A] - Isotype Control ab172730) instead of ab242124 in EL4.IL-2 whole cell lysate.
Blocking and dilution buffer and concentration: 5% NFDM/TBST.
Exposure time: 15 seconds.
All lanes: Immunoprecipitation - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22311-17] (ab242124)
Predicted band size: 25 kDa
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse spleen tissue stained for CD28 using ab242124 at 1/500 dilution, followed by Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use. Positive staining in periarterial lymphatic sheath of mouse spleen (PMID: 7489738). Counter stained with Hematoxylin.
Secondary antibody only control: Used PBS instead of primary antibody, secondary antibody is Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) Ready to use.
The section was incubated with ab242124 for 30 mins at 37°C. Immunostaining was performed on a Leica Biosystems BOND® RX instrument.
Perform heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris/EDTA buffer pH 9.0 before commencing with IHC staining protocol.
Blocking/Dilution buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST.
Bands between 40-50 kDa are likely to be glycosylated forms (PMID: 7512728), whereas the 80 kDa band represents the dimer (PMID: 2157764).
All lanes: Western blot - Anti-CD28 antibody [EPR22311-17] (ab242124) at 1/1000 dilution
Lane 1: Mouse thymus tissue lysate at 20 µg
Lane 2: EL4.IL-2 (mouse lymphoma t lymphocyte) whole cell lysate at 20 µg
All lanes: Western blot - Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) ab97051) at 1/100000 dilution
Predicted band size: 25 kDa
Observed band size: 40-50 kDa, 80 kDa
Exposure time: 70s
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